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【供给侧结构性改革·创新故事】看人造丝如何替代天然蚕丝

2017-08-18 08:41:57   中国青年网

众所周知,天然蚕丝非常细,单丝纤度仅30~50旦。过去,最细的人造丝,单丝纤度也只能达到75旦。纤维粗,织成的面料就不会太轻薄、柔软、凉爽,而当纤维纤度变细,面料的手感与悬垂性、透气性、透湿性均会得到改善。因此,细旦化也是吉林化纤孜孜以求的方向。

“纤度越细,对工艺、技术的要求越高。我们2012年末就开始攻关,通过不断优化,到2014年末已能把人造丝的单丝纤度做到30旦,实现了对天然蚕丝的真正替代。”王冬梅笑语。

产品纤度不同,售价自然不同。120旦的人造丝,售价不过4万元/吨,而30旦的人造丝,价格超过10万元/吨。虽然价格相差悬殊,但吉林化纤的细旦化产品仍供不应求。这,就是科技的力量。

大型化与连续化 , 让生产效率 “ 飞 ”

如果说,匀质化和细旦化大大提升了产品附加值,那么,大型化与连续化则显著提高了生产效率。

所谓大型化,就是让丝饼变大。吉林化纤从2014年开始研发大丝饼,逐步使单个丝饼的重量由540克升级到了940克。表面上简单的量变,实则包含很多内在的质变。为确保重量增加而不影响品质,研发人员一项一项调整工艺参数,一个一个设备进行部件优化。如今,在离心法纺织工艺中,吉林化纤的饼重已做到了“世界最大”。

“饼重变大后,我们的劳动效率提升了。以落丝操作为例,以前工人一天要落3遍丝,现在只需1.5遍;原来一人看6台纺丝机,现在能看8台。”王冬梅说。

对于大型化的升级效果,客户感受更为强烈:“比方说,以前吉林化纤制作的丝筒,一个重2.1公斤,内络4个丝饼; 如今一个丝筒重2.7公斤,里面只有3个丝饼。下游纺织时,原来织到16万米左右就需换一次筒,现在20万米才换一次。同时,因为丝筒内丝饼减少,结头就减少了,相应的,布料织成后的疵点也减少了。”

由于能够满足下游纺织企业自动化、高效率、高质量的生产需求,吉林化纤的大型化产品成功替代了筒管法产品。

连续化,是“四化”升级中的另一重点项目。据介绍,传统纺工艺包括落丝、精练、脱水、烘干等7道工序,需逐个环节操作,而连续纺作为国际最前沿的人造丝生产工艺,可在一台纺丝机上将7道工序全部完成,提高生产效率80%。这使吉林化纤人造丝的人均年产出由10吨增加到了18吨,而且产品质量更加稳定。

同时,客户也明显受益。因为连续纺的丝筒更大,每个达到5公斤,并且内部一个结头都没有,下游客户的生产效率由此变得更高,产品瑕疵则更少。

这一系列科技创新成果,令吉林化纤不仅迅速成为世界上产能最大的人造丝生产企业,而且成为全球最优质的人造丝生产基地。

“目前,我们生产的人造丝品种已达162个,国际高端市场占有率超过45%,在‘一带一路’沿线国家出口份额占到出口总量的53%。”宋德武告诉记者,按照“智能化+客制化”的下一步升级方向,吉林化纤正在推动机器代人、数字化、网络化和信息化,未来,该公司人造丝的生产将实现客户定制,由客户实施远程管理。

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