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质量治理需综合施策
2017-08-18 04:21:13 中国青年网
“质量就是生命,质量就是胜算”。提高供给质量是深化供给侧结构性改革的主攻方向,是振兴实体经济、建设制造强国的必由之路,是满足人民群众不断升级的物质文化需求、增强质量获得感的现实途径。随着我国居民收入水平的不断提高,消费呈现出规模扩张与需求升级并存的新特点,传统的生存型、物质型消费开始让位于发展型、服务型等新型消费。而国内供给体系未能适应需求结构的新变化,许多产品与服务供给低端过剩、高端短缺,大量消费者转向国外市场进行高端、高质商品和服务选购的热潮涌现。与此同时,部分产品和服务质量问题突出,严重影响企业拓展海内外市场。2016年国家监督抽查的176种产品中有14种产品抽查不合格率高于20%,还有一些甚至高于40%。面对我国供给端仍存在大量低端生产、低劣产品、低效供给等问题,必须在强化企业主体责任的同时,增强社会共治责任,形成企业自律、政府监管、市场调节、行业自治、社会监督的大质量社会多元共治格局。
加快构建“多元共治”的质量治理体系,着力推进质量强国建设。 质量“多元共治”是以多元社会主体共同参与质量管理为主要特征,以治理结构、治理能力、治理制度建设为主要内容的一项系统复杂的工程。构建质量多元共治体系,要激发各主体的参与热情、畅通参与渠道,通过建立一系列制度化的治理机制,形成各主体相互协作、优势互补的治理结构,建立各方主体共同关心质量、维护质量、发展质量的新模式。质量多元治理结构主要包括共治主体结构和责任结构两个部分。共治主体结构一方面涉及应有哪些主体参与质量治理,另一方面需要明确各个共治主体在质量治理过程中的责任和作用。“多元共治”不是简单的政府、企业与社会组织之间合作,它还包括中央政府与地方政府、地方政府之间、政府部门之间以及政府、市场与社会间的协商与合作。主体责任结构包括两个方面的问题:一是各主体的治理权利如何确定,责任与义务如何匹配;二是主体的权责边界如何界定,如何处理好与其他主体的边界。“多元共治”的质量治理体系要求细化质量社会共治主体各自的权责,明晰各主体的权力边界,实现权力、责任、利益的统一,确保多元社会共治治理体系有序运行。
严格落实企业主体责任,多措并举增强企业提高质量的内生动力。 产品生产经营者是产品质量的第一责任人。要强化企业的责任意识和质量意识,坚决消除部分企业重生产、轻管理,重产量、轻质量的现象。采用国际先进标准、严格执行强制性国家标准,充分运用大数据、云计算等信息技术创新质量监管方式,加强质量全过程的监管。要鼓励企业以满足消费需求升级为导向,开展改善消费品供给专项行动。要加快实施创新驱动战略,加强与政府、学校、科研机构、质检机构间的联盟建设。加大质量创新投入,增强科技成果产业化能力,实现技术创新与金融创新“双轮驱动”。弘扬“工匠精神”,营造重视技能、尊重技工、尊重工匠的企业氛围,不断提高技工人才收入的同时,逐渐消除技工成长成才通道的瓶颈。品牌建设是中国速度向中国质量转型的关键。要强化企业的品牌意识,鼓励企业树立品牌经营理念,大力实施品牌发展战略和品牌延伸战略。以品牌为载体,通过集合效应促进更多的人、财、物等资源配置到高端产品的生产上,创造高质量的品牌。以品牌为纽带,通过凝聚团队精神、思想智慧、责任感等无形资源,实现提高产品质量与提升顾客感知体验的有机结合。以品牌为标志,通过正向激励或是反向倒逼企业更加注重质量责任。要增强企业的国际化意识,在研发、生产和品牌规划设计中注入更多国际化元素。通过跨境并购、海外重组等手段整合与配置全球资源,实现核心技术与国际知名品牌的对接,助推中国企业、民族品牌更好地“走出去”。
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