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暴力冲突深深刺痛美国社会(深度观察)

2017-08-16 06:16:52   中国青年网

12日早上,白人至上主义者同自由派首先在解放公园发生肢体冲突。自称中间派的梅森·皮克特就在现场,他向本报记者介绍说,两边的抗议者刚开始就相互对峙,双方情绪都很激动,先是相互吐口水,接着使劲推搡,扭打在一起。等到警察赶到时,已有多人受伤。

混乱中,有人把皮克特拉到一边,抢下他的相机,使劲摔到地上。皮克特说:“相机已经很老了,摔坏也不碍事,但是抗议者身上的愤怒让我害怕。美国应该反思,人们是时候放下对抗,好好对话了。”

就夏洛茨维尔发生的暴力冲突,美国总统特朗普14日再次发表声明说:“种族主义是邪恶的。那些以种族主义名义引发暴力的人是罪犯和恶徒,包括3K党、新纳粹分子、白人至上主义者和其他仇恨团体,令人憎恶。”

而稍早前,包括副总统彭斯等在内的白宫官员都对暴力袭击严厉谴责。这被认为是为了平息舆论对特朗普第一份声明指向不够明确的不满。特朗普在骚乱之后的首次记者会上说:“多方都表现出令人震惊的仇恨、偏执和暴力。”他没有明确谴责白人至上主义者等极端右翼分子,而是笼统地表示反对来自“多方”的暴力,引发舆论反弹,一些两党议员、商界领袖对此表示不满。

舆论担忧极端保守思想日益走向公开,种族歧视更加明目张胆

这次夏洛茨维尔的暴力事件之所以引人关注,一个重要原因是舆论担忧白人至上等极端保守思想日益走向公开,使得种族歧视更加明目张胆,并加剧美国政治极化。

美国媒体分析,此次白人极端右翼和白人至上主义团体选择在夏洛茨维尔大举进行抗议活动是经过精心选择的。夏洛茨维尔市是美国开国元勋托马斯·杰斐逊的故乡,也是一所大学城,市民以自由派为主。白人至上团体在此进行抗议活动,有向自由派“示威”、展示自身力量的考虑。

而自2016年总统大选以来,白人极端右翼高调在华盛顿集会,其代表人物米洛·扬诺普洛斯在加州大学伯克利分校发表演讲,这些事件都是在自由派占绝对优势的场所上演,并都引发暴力冲突,酿成惨剧。

弗吉尼亚大学宗教史博士生娜塔莉·布劳德奈克斯告诉记者,詹姆斯·菲尔茨走上极端暴力的过程也值得关注,他不断听到仇恨的言论,已经视为常态了。尤其当他面临艰难的生活环境,这时候听到有人说,应该归咎于其他人,心中的仇恨错置,并不断积聚,最终就会酿成惨剧。

社交媒体给了极端右翼分子新的舞台。就在14日,3K党前领导人戴维·杜克还在推特上公开为白人至上主义者抗议活动的组织者詹森·凯斯勒募捐。凯斯勒则在互联网发起“言论自由”运动,批评极端右派的言论自由没有得到保护。

以3K党为代表的白人至上主义思想在美国拥有悠久历史,不过他们只是躲在阴暗处,难以被社会主流接受。

自去年大选以来,白人至上等极端思想明显回潮,极右势力不断站在媒体聚光灯下,这次,极端右翼公开打出纳粹旗帜、行纳粹礼,喊出“要夺回我们的国家”等口号,深深触动和震撼了美国主流社会。夏洛茨维尔市市长迈克尔·西格纳说,十分担心夏洛茨维尔成为“白人至上主义者从边缘走上前台,从他们潜伏的阴影中公然跳出的象征”。

(本报美国夏洛茨维尔8月15日电)

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