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华为VS腾讯大数据之争 谁拿走了用户的个人数据?

2017-08-15 10:15:36   中国经济网

微信是唯一的信息媒介

有人认为,聊天内容这样的个人信息,肯定属于用户所有,用户想给谁就可以给谁,华为获得用户的授权就足够了,《网络安全法》虽然要求微信对用户信息保密,但是并不意味着微信获得了对用户个人信息的所有权。

还有观点称,微信是手机上的一个应用,用户的所有语音文字的输入、输出均是先经过手机再到微信,微信只是一个显示的界面而已。如果华为已获得用户同意收集用户信息,则可以理解成该手机上的用户信息都在其收集的范畴,优先级和范围远大于微信。换句话说,华为也是聊天内容(因为发生在手机终端之内)的合法收集者,地位上不输于微信。这样看的话,微信获得的用户对聊天内容的授权同意,与华为获得的对聊天内容的授权同意,具有同等的法律地位,因此两份授权同意应该等量齐观。所以华为也具有收集、使用微信聊天记录的权利。

从个人信息保护的通用法律框架来看,用户使用微信,用户是个人信息主体,微信是个人信息控制者。无论是《网络安全法》还是国外的个人信息保护法律,主要是规范个人信息主体和个人信息控制者之间的法律关系。所以有了授权同意、最少够用、公开透明等公认的个人信息保护基本原则。

华为手机凭借其提供操作系统的特殊地位,能调用用户通过输入法输入的信息内容。但我们应该特别注意一点:即便信息先经过华为手机这一方再发到微信,在用户的合理、合法的期待中,微信是唯一的信息媒介,连接用户和聊天对象。用户发信息的场景是在微信聊天这个场景内,这中间过程中实际出现的,无论是输入法还是手机内部的存储器,都仅仅是用户的工具而已。

按照国际上通信的关于个人信息控制者的定义,个人信息控制者是“有权决定个人信息处理目的、方式等的组织或个人”。这里的关键词是“有权”和“控制”,华为手机并不满足能够控制个人信息处理目的、方式的条件。

国家标准《个人信息安全规范》(草稿)对收集的定义非常明确——获得对个人信息的控制权的行为,包括由个人信息主体主动提供、通过与个人信息主体交互或记录个人信息主体行为等自动采集,以及通过共享、转让、收集公开信息间接获取等方式。

从法律的角度来看,个人与微信之间产生法律关系,这是用户的合法正当的期待。即便在事实层面,华为手机确实参与到这个过程中,但它的角色更多的是没有自主意识的锤头、斧子、钉子这样的工具。

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