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中国渔民的上百种结绳技艺正在消逝
2017-08-15 04:30:55 中国青年网
入户夜叉的故事流传在东海舟山群岛一带。夜叉借渔夫的灶火烤螃蟹吃,第二天,渔夫获得捕鱼生涯中收获最大的一次,原来是夜叉在水下帮他赶鱼。民间故事到此为止,盛文强给它加上后半截:时至今日,东海上的渔民夜里睡觉还不插门,这是在为入户夜叉留门。其实,“这些渔户无非都是梦想着发家罢了,并非有什么夜不闭户的美德。”
战斗中的女海盗郑寡妇
中国海盗的武器
舟山老渔民会打上百种绳结
《渔具列传》听起来像本渔业工具书,其实它是一本小说。
前些年,盛文强在半岛一带考察采集渔具实物影像。一天上午,他从海滩上采样拍摄完毕,偶然在借宿的渔家得到一部民间旧书。“这分明是一部来自民间的微型渔具史,内中分门别类,有着完整的体系,而各篇文字却荒诞离奇。其中,开篇的《广渔具图谱传序》是作者‘枕鱼斋主人’自报家门、直陈心迹之文。”
于是,盛文强在自己的《渔具列传》中设下了“枕鱼斋主人”这个人物,并称“我的《渔具列传》是由枕鱼斋主人的《广渔具图谱传》手稿拓展扩充而来”。在虚构和非虚构之间找到文体留存的空间,因此成为盛文强文学创作的重要特征。
在自己的《渔具列传》中,盛文强列举了上百种渔用绳结,那是舟山老渔人刘有九告诉他的。刘有九会打上百种绳结,每一种都跟渔业生产有关。但现在的船已用机械动力推进,那些系橹的绳结、系帆的绳结全都没用了。
这本海洋故事集里,还有着许多传奇:比如船头两侧要各钉一枚铜钱,铜钱外围要以黑漆描出眼眶和睫眉,它可在水中视物,自行躲避暗礁;比如东海上有个善于使用绳结的族群,可以用绳套住风,把飓风捆成粽子。盛文强也记录下许多渔民的日常:比如相隔二里地的村子,渔网网线的直径测量法也会大不相同。
手持权杖的郑芝龙 见于一幅荷兰人绘制的海图
清代海盗旗残片 英国海事博物馆藏
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