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80后、90后海归就业创业情况如何?来看看这份权威报告

2017-08-14 11:17:48   

海归群体对留学效益价值持肯定态度。认为收益大于成本的海归占36.3%,认为收益与成本相当的海归占18.1%。

关于付出与收益的衡量,30.3%的海归认为3-5年能够收回出国经济成本,24.1%的人认为1-3年能够收回成本,另有相当一部分人认为5-10年(22.5%)或10年以上(17.5%)才能收回经济成本。

从留学经历对个人国内职务变化的作用来看,50.1%海归认为留学经历有利于个人职务提升,44.8%的认为基本没有影响,剩余5.1%的海归人员认为留学背景不利于个人职务晋升。其中52.7%的海归回国后没有跳槽,有1次跳槽经历的占比20.6%,2次的占比15%,3次及以上的跳槽经历占比最低,为11.7%。

二线特色城市成为海归创业新的发力点

报告显示,在海归创业方面,方便与家人团聚(63.2%)和看好国内发展潜力(56.6%)是海归回国创业的两大主因。此外,容易获得亲戚、朋友等社会网络的支持、国内创业环境好、持有专利技术及相关领域国内市场前景好依次占比33.8%、29.4%、18.4%。

从初始创业时间上来分析,76.4%的海归从2015年至今开始创业。课题组认为,如此高的比例与国家大力倡导“大众创业,万众创新”,并出台创新创业的支持政策密切相关。

海归创业选择的城市中,北京作为科技创新中心,尤其是以中关村为代表的创新创业集聚,对海归的吸引力较大,仍是海归创业首选,占比24.3%,紧随其后的是上海(8.1%)、成都(6.6%)、广州(5.9%)、武汉(4.4%),这五所城市几乎吸引了半数创业海归。创业所在地域呈现“一线城市为主导,二线特色城市快速崛起”基本特征。

调查显示,海归选择创业城市的理由呈多样化特征。首先,经济发展、人脉关系、环境舒适、文化多元包容性强、资源集中五类原因认同度超过三分之一。其次为产业基础、配套设置和人才政策。可以看到,城市发展的软实力更受海归创业者关注。

近半数海归认为自身竞争力高于国内同类学生

调查显示,绝大多数海归认为,海外留学经历对生活适应能力、跨文化沟通能力和独立思考能力以及专业知识和技能都有很大提升,近半数认为创新能力、扩大人脉网络也得到了发展。

在就业方面,近九成受访者认为,海归的最大优势体现在国际视野、语言优势以及跨文化沟通能力。但调查中,海归也认为自己在就业中存在劣势,主要表现在不了解国内就业形势和企业需求;回国时间晚,错过校招季;不适应国内人情社会,难以获得发展机会;海投效率低下;不熟悉国内市场环境等。

与没有留学经历的人相比,48.4%海归认为其自身优于国内同类学生,22.8%的海归认为两者之间没有差别,10.8%的海归认为不如国内同类学生。

近七成海归月工资远低于自身期望

相较于实际工作收入与个人期望收入,认为高于期望的海归仅为1%,三成海归认为基本符合期望工资,而近七成海归认为远低于期望工资。

海归就业的工作岗位类型分布中,排名前五分别是销售、技术、市场/公关/广告、运营、行政/后勤,其次是财务、人力资源,研发,设计和产品等岗位。

海归群体对当前工作岗位与其海外所学专业的匹配度偏低,认为非常匹配的仅为16.9%,认为匹配程度一般的为54.5%,认为完全不匹配的占28.6%。

进一步调查发现,在职级分布中,59.7%海归就业于普通岗位,占比最高。而就职于基层管理者的占比21.4%,中层管理者占比12.5%,高层管理者占比4.6%。

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