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老板电器高增长难持续

2017-08-11 18:06:46   中国经济网

厨电市场属于房地产后周期产业链,从传导周期来看,后者向前者传导的时间大约在1年时间左右。照此推算,2017年4月份应该是厨电景气高点,而在此之后房地产调控新政对厨电市场的负面影响将开始逐渐显现出来。

事实上,这种影响已经开始显现。从行业层面来看,来自中怡康的数据显示,2017年上半年,油烟机、燃气灶、消毒柜零售额增幅分别只有6.88%、4.31%、-0.45%;从老板电器自身来看,上半年,公司油烟机、燃气灶、消毒柜收入增速分别为21.05%、19.86%、27.76%,而2016年的增速分别为22.13%、27.3%、30.67%,2017年上半年明显放缓。

相比收入指标,终端零售额更能反映真实销售情况,而老板电器终端零售额并不乐观。财报数据显示,2017年上半年,公司油烟机、燃气灶、消毒柜的零售额增速分别为12.06%、7.64%、11.24%,增速已经明显在20%以下,而且显著不及收入增速,这或许表明公司出厂的不少产品被积压在渠道中,老板电器核心品类的真实销售情况并不乐观。

而从市场占有率角度来看,老板电器继续提升的空间或许也已经不大。

中怡康的数据显示,截至2017年上半年末,老板电器油烟机、燃气灶、消毒柜的市场份额(零售额)分别为26.27%、23.3%、28.43%,公司的预期目标市场份额为30%,只有5个百分点左右的提升空间。

从横向来看,以洗衣机行业为例,目前洗衣机属于成熟且竞争格局已经非常稳定的行业,海尔电器和小天鹅分别是行业内的两大寡头,2016年年报显示,这两家公司的零售量份额占比分别为26.77%、27%。因此,从横向比较来看,老板电器核心品类要达到30%的市场占有率恐怕也并非易事。

而且,老板电器要继续提升市场占有率,面临的挑战不容忽视。一方面,老板电器产品定位高端,核心市场在一二线城市,正是当前房地产调控新政下的重灾区,而老板电器在三四线市场的发展并不算成功。

为了抢占中低端市场,老板电器2012年专门成立了杭州名气电器有限公司。但是,该子公司经营业绩并不好,2016年的收入只有区区1.66亿元,占营业收入的比例只有2.86%,而且盈利能力低下,当年净利润只有488万元。

另一方面,从行业竞争策略来看,老板、方太一直走高端路线,从不轻易下压价格,这种策略对提升盈利能力大有裨益。以老板电器为例,自上市以来,公司净利率从2009年的8.76%一路提升至2016年的20.83%;但负面效应也很明显,这无形中为后来者提供了巨大的生存空间,新进入的玩家在不断增加,康宝乐、美的集团、万和万家等厂商纷纷将重心转移至油烟机市场。中怡康发布的《2016年厨卫市场扫描》称,2017年,第二集团与第一集团品牌将在正面战场进行白刃战。

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