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先天性心脏病95%以上可治愈

2017-08-11 03:53:29   中国青年网

雷宾峰博士指出,家长如果发现孩子可能患有先心病,一定要带着孩子及时就诊。至于选择何种治疗方法和正确的手术时机,主要取决于先天性心脏畸形的程度。简单而轻微的畸形,如小的房间隔缺损,可以终身不需任何治疗。严重的先天性心脏病,如完全性大动脉转位或左心发育不良综合征,在出生后必须立即手术,否则患儿将无法生存。“现在技术发展非常快,不再像多年以前一样受患儿年龄大小、体重等指标的限制。”雷宾峰博士介绍。

当然,也有一些病的病情发展比较缓慢,小的时候不需要手术或者是心脏还太小,手术效果不好,比如说房间隔缺损,三尖瓣下移畸形,医生会叮嘱病人定期复查,等到合适的时机,如年龄够了再实施手术。

目前,广西医科大学第一附属医院成功心脏手术最小的患儿是才800克的早产儿。该院有心外科、心内科、儿科、手术室、麻醉、体外循环、重症监护及影像组成的多学科成熟团队,各种危重的、非常复杂的先天性心脏病患儿都可以得到良好的治疗,一些错过最佳手术时机的成年先天性心脏病患者也可以获得最好的救治。

04

微创治疗技术成熟

患者手术后需静养

过去,先天性心脏病的主要治疗方法包括开胸心内直视手术,以及内科经皮介入封堵术。目前,这两项治疗技术都很成熟。但开胸手术需要全麻体外循环,手术时间长,切口大,恢复时间慢;而内科介入手术用于3岁以上孩子,治疗年龄受到限制,对缺损形态部位要求相对高。

现在,超声引导下经外科途径微创先心病介入手术大大缩短了操作时间,创伤小,并发症少,这项技术将介入手术减少至3岁以内的任何年龄段,体重5公斤以上的符合适应证的先心病患儿,由于手术路径直接,并利用特殊形状封堵材料,可适用内科介入不能封堵病例,扩大了介入适应证。同时,对术中尝试后不能经微创封堵患儿可以直接中转体外循环心内直视下修复。

雷宾峰博士表示,近年来,心胸外科采用右腋下胸部小切口治疗小儿先心病,不必劈开胸骨,不切除或切断肋骨,保持了骨性胸廓的连续性,手术创伤很小,疼痛轻,恢复快,也几乎看不到切口瘢痕,消除了很多患儿和家长的担忧,大大减轻了他们的苦痛。另外,对于终末性心脏病及无法用目前的手术方法治疗的复杂先心病,可以通过心脏手术治疗。

关于手术费用,患儿可使用医疗保险报销部分费用,还有各种基金会支持帮助孩子,比如广西医科大学第一附属医院是爱佑童心基金的定点医院,贫困家庭都可申请。

雷宾峰博士提醒,患儿在接受手术后一个月内,体质较差,要避免去人群密集的地方,以防交叉感染;避免剧烈活动;合理喂养,切忌暴饮暴食;按时服用维护心功能的药物,以巩固手术治疗效果。一般,术后一个月,家长需要带患儿赴医院复查,医生会根据患儿当时的情况,给予后期恢复的指导意见。

本版采写 叶宇莉 通讯员 蓝飞燕

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