新闻
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170810/31070722_2.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/12/27 16:27:55

Powered by China
China

古代北京河道是如何管理的

2017-08-10 17:21:48   中国青年网

尽管古代没有设置过“河长”一职,但近千年来,行政长官担任或兼任“河长”职责的并不鲜见,其中的于成龙和陈琮还堪称优秀“河长”。历史上有两位叫于成龙的名人,一位是清康熙年间担任两江总督、被誉为一代廉吏的于成龙,另一位即是负责浑河疏治、巡查的“河长”于成龙。

明代及清初,永定河称浑河,水患严重,河水平均三年泛滥一次。康熙三十七年(1698年)二月,浑河泛涨,康熙皇帝于二月二十五日命于成龙全权负责治理。于成龙,奉天府盖平县(今辽宁省盖州市)人。他首先沿浑河实地查勘,反复权衡后,决定在加固石景山、卢沟桥段旧堤的基础上,对卢沟桥以下河段进行大规模治理,既筑河堤又浚河床,治水的同时注意治沙,并注重上、中、下游全程治理,改变以往只是局部治河的办法。他还全方位监督工程进度,严防治河中偷工减料的“豆腐渣工程”。仅用了三个月就疏浚河道145里,筑南北堤180余里。据传他除了派手下到工地上督查外,还每十日亲自巡视河道一次。浑河治理后,他奏请将霸州等处开挖的新河命名为“永定河”。康熙皇帝斟酌再三,最终将整个浑河干流赐名为“永定河”,并题额建碑,“永定河”之名由此诞生。

雍正四年(1726年),清廷设置永定河道台衙门,具体负责永定河流域的管理。至嘉庆十五年(1810年)的80余年间,有陈琮等46人次出任永定河“道台”一职。陈琮,今四川南部县(今属南充市)玉镇人。他出任永定河道台后,仔细考察了永定河的情况,在掌握了详实资料后,提出了许多治理永定河的具体意见,在乾隆皇帝到天津巡幸途中召见他时,见到他精心绘制的“永定河全图”非常赞赏。陈琮还多方收集有关永定河的资料,包括历史上的水患、河道变迁、历代治理情况及经验教训等,编撰成第一部《永定河志》。自任永定河道台后,陈琮为永定河的治理与管护呕心沥血,58岁病逝于任上。

清代永定河管护实施“三汛四防二守”之法

《清实录嘉庆朝实录》记载:

“不论是否汛期,均需督率兵夫,巡逻堤岸”

历史上京城河道的管理,除了建立专门的机构和设置官职之外,还有较为系统的“堤防修守”制度。仅永定河的管护清代就制定了“三汛”、“四防”、“二守”。其中的“四防二守之法”原为明朝治河专家、工部尚书兼右都御史潘季驯在治理黄河时总结出来的,清代借鉴到永定河的治理与管护上。

《清实录嘉庆朝实录》记载:清嘉庆二十四年(1819年)为慎重河防规定:“不论是否汛期,均需督率兵夫,巡逻堤岸,如有擅离汛署者,指名严参。以重职守,其河营兵丁例有定额,平日应责令学习桩埽并填补沟窝、堆土植柳等事。”所谓“三汛”即凌汛、麦汛和伏汛。春季气温升高,河水融化,凌汛使冰块漂浮水面,随水而下,推壅撞击堤岸,易出险情;麦汛、伏秋大汛则出现在多雨季节,河道水涨,容易出现严重的汛情,更要严防死守;“四防”即昼防、夜防、风防、雨防,因为这四个时段是汛情多发之时;“二守”即官守和民守。

上一页2/3下一页
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170810/31070722_2.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/12/27 16:27:55

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170810/31070722_2.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/12/27 16:27:55

Powered by China
China

相关阅读

404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170810/31070722_2.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/12/27 16:27:55

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170810/31070722_2.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/12/27 16:27:55

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170810/31070722_2.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/12/27 16:27:55

Powered by China
China
分享到:
0 0
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170810/31070722_2.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/12/27 16:27:55

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170810/31070722_2.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/12/27 16:27:55

Powered by China
China

美图推荐

404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170810/31070722_2.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/12/27 16:27:55

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170810/31070722_2.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/12/27 16:27:55

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170810/31070722_2.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/12/27 16:27:55

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170810/31070722_2.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/12/27 16:27:55

Powered by China
China

为您推荐

加载更多>>
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170810/31070722_2.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/12/27 16:27:55

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170810/31070722_2.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/12/27 16:27:55

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/11038989/20170810/31070722_2.html
Server: cms-8-251
Date: 2024/12/27 16:27:55

Powered by China
China