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红薯块根膨大期管理措施

2017-08-10 08:25:42   

施裂缝肥红薯块根膨大期一般从8月下旬开始,行间由于块根膨大而出现裂缝,此时要追施裂缝肥,防止茎叶早衰和加快薯块膨大。以灌施氮钾肥为主,一般在8月下旬用3%~5%的硫酸钾或15%~20%的草木灰浸出液,也可用1%的磷酸二氢钾肥液,每亩灌肥液100~150公斤;或每亩追施硫酸铵4~5公斤,兑水500公斤;也可用人粪尿200~250公斤,兑水600~750公斤,顺垄灌缝施入。还可每亩洒施草木灰水150~200公斤。对晚熟有早衰的地块可灌施2%氮磷钾混合液。

严禁翻蔓翻蔓会损伤茎叶,影响光合作用,降低养分的积累,使薯块增重受到影响,一般减产20%~25%,高的达30%以上。因此,红薯在整个生育期中均不宜翻蔓。对于长势较旺的红薯田,宜用打蔓尖或轻提蔓的方法控长,抑制纤维根的生成,以达到避免纤维根对养分的消耗,提高叶片光合能力,促进薯块膨大的目的。

防旱排水在红薯生长后期遇到干旱天气,有条件的地区要隔沟浇水,以水调肥,促进茎叶生长,扩大光合面积,增加光合产物,有利于块根膨大。但在收获前20天内不宜浇水,以免降低红薯块根的耐储性。若遇到秋涝,要及时清沟排水,防治薯块受渍,形成硬心烂腐导致减产。

叶面喷肥红薯生长后期,根部吸肥能力减弱,采用叶面喷肥可确保块根膨大所需养分。一般丘陵坡地或有早衰现象的田块,应喷施0.5%的尿素液;叶蔓长势偏旺的田块,应喷施0.2%的硫酸钾或5%的草木灰浸出液;一般田块可喷施0.4%~0.5%的尿素和磷酸二氢钾混合液。每亩每次喷肥液75~100公斤。喷肥时间一般从8月中旬开始,每隔7~10天喷1次,共喷2~3次,喷肥时间应掌握在晴天傍晚前进行,喷后下雨应补喷。李翠英

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