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投贷联动:成效初显 审慎前行

2017-08-10 06:33:50   中国青年网

初步形成三大特点

“投贷联动改变了商业银行看企业的标准。”工行北京市分行相关负责人说,在传统信贷模式下,银行看重企业的积累资产及有无稳定的现金流,现在银行更加关注企业的未来发展前景。

该负责人介绍,工行北京市分行目前在股权投资上有两种方式,一是直投,二是与股权基金、产业基金合作,直投已涵盖非上市公司和已上市公司。

值得注意的是,在与股权基金、产业基金的合作过程中,商业银行正在从基金的有限合伙人(LP)向普通合伙人(GP)延伸。“LP主要是出资,但并不参与管理,成为GP后,银行对企业的参与、管理更加深入,对企业的了解也更加充分。”

“从实践看,目前投贷联动主要有三种模式。”中国银行业协会相关负责人表示,一是内部投贷联动,即银行依托旗下的投资公司、投资基金,对科创企业开展“小股权+大债权”的融资服务;二是外部投贷联动,即银行与股权投资基金、风险投资基金等创投机构合作,银行扮演“贷”的角色,创投机构扮演“投”的角色,但双方可能会在风险分担、利益共享等方面产生一些分歧;三是“认股期权贷款”,也就是说,在传统信贷业务基础上,合作的创投机构能够额外从科创企业获得一定的认股期权。

上述负责人表示,从开展效果看,投贷联动已初步形成三大特点。首先,对企业的选择以股权融资的初始阶段为主,这有助于银行与创投机构合作发现企业的成长价值,也有助于发挥银行在客户资源、风险评估和资金供给等方面的优势。

其次,试点银行对初创期的科创企业创新信贷机制,突破了传统信贷业务对盈利指标的约束。据上海银监局调查,在上海地区的投贷联动实践中,近一半的企业处在尚未实现盈利的状态。

再次,从最终效果看,获得投贷联动融资服务的企业赢得了较好的发展动力,各项经营指标、财务指标均有较大幅度改进,资产负债结构得到优化。

配套措施仍待完善

虽然试点区域“投贷联动”效果初显,但多位业内人士表示,我国商业银行投贷联动业务仍处于探索阶段,依然面临一定的困难与挑战。为此,建议继续完善市场估值、股权退出等相关配套措施,同时高度关注“风险隔离”,稳妥审慎前行。

“不论内部、外部投贷联动,均涉及投与贷的兼容问题。”银行业协会相关负责人说,根据试点指导意见,投与贷两大机构相对独立。

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