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南澳地方法院陪审团审判印象(五)

2017-08-09 10:25:41   中国青年网

其二,卡姆2013年1月24日到邮局取了第七个包裹,而警方截获的1月25日上午11:02斯特朗在阿德莱德西郊Keswick给卡姆发的一个短信说:“昨天是一个美妙的天气,但今天转冷了,希望你那儿的天气不是太坏”;而同城的卡姆中午13:00给斯特朗回了一个短信“昨天太热了”。检察官问:你们说天气冷热,有什么特殊含义吗?卡姆答:没有。检察官问:你的短信说“昨天太热了”,是不是告诉他你昨天已经取到了包裹?卡姆答:不是。

第三回合:检察官根据常识向陪审团证明,被告人洗钱属于“明知”或“理应知道”。检察官在对被告人交叉询问的过程中,一直抓住这样一个问题反复询问:包裹上写的是你的名字和地址,但你却说,你不知道包裹里面有什么东西,你也从来不过问包裹里面是什么,这是为什么?卡姆说,第一个包裹,斯特朗说是送给他妻子的生日礼物,我没问是什么礼物,因为斯特朗说要给他妻子一个惊喜。检察官问:然而,在两个多月的时间里,你一共取到7个包裹,不可能都是生日礼物吧?为什么不问问包裹里是什么东西呢?卡姆答:我没有想过要问什么,就是为朋友帮忙。检察官问:那为什么包裹不直接寄给斯特朗,而总是要由你代为接收和转交呢?卡姆答:她没有多想过这个问题。检察官多次问,根据经验和常识,为别人代收那么多的包裹,而且斯特朗就呆在家里,他家也有地址,为什么不寄到他自己家里,你也从来不问包裹寄的是什么东西,这符合常识吗?对于这一串串咄咄逼人的问题,卡姆不是回答不知道,就是回答记不清了。但可以看得出来,她的情绪越来越低落,回答问题的声音也越来越小,速记员不得不多次让她重复自己的回答,以便能够准确地记录证人的回答。

对于辩护方主辩阶段被告人作为证人作证,我有一点感想。国内学术界对刑事被告人沉默权也有一些讨论,有的学者还提出零口供审判的问题,2012年刑诉法修改在一定程度上确立了不得自证其罪的权利之后,这种讨论更加多了。我国刑诉法第53条规定:“对一切案件的判处都要重证据,重调查研究,不轻信口供。只有被告人供述,没有其他证据的,不能认定被告人有罪和处以刑罚;没有被告人供述,证据确凿、充分的,可以认定被告人有罪和处以刑罚。”对此,1996年刑诉法好像也是这样规定的。但是,在如何对待口供的问题上司法实践一直比较纠结,重视口供吧,容易造成刑讯逼供;完全抛弃口供,又会使某些案件的审判由于缺乏证据而难以进行。因此,我认为,可以借鉴普通法的经验,在赋予被告人不被强迫自证其罪的权利(实质上是抛弃口供证据)的同时,允许被告人在庭审过程中放弃这种权利,将被告人的身份变为证人。这样一来,被告人口供就变成了证人证言,既可以对被告人证人进行交叉询问,又可以运用证言三角形理论来判断证人的可信性。

(未完待续)

(《南澳地方法院陪审团审判印象(四)》详见《法制日报》2017年8月2日11版)

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