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墨西哥冷静应对北美自贸区重新谈判

2017-08-07 20:02:43   国际在线

与此同时,墨西哥政府也面临来自反对党和国内各经济部门的压力。美国媒体日前公布特朗普和墨西哥总统培尼亚·涅托的通话记录更使墨政府处境尴尬。特朗普在电话中要求培尼亚不要再说墨西哥拒绝为修建两国之间的边境墙支付费用,否则将不会和培尼亚会面。反对党指责培尼亚对美国“立场软弱”。墨西哥明年将举行总统大选,如果培尼亚政府在谈判中作出过多让步,无疑将使执政党在明年的大选中面临更大压力。

为此,墨西哥政府也在谈判前公布了自己的立场和底线:墨西哥愿意就劳工和环保等问题进行谈判,但是坚决拒绝接受重新设置关税、配额和任何限制墨西哥向美国出口的机制。

根据美、加、墨三国的构想,各方希望能在2018年初结束谈判,达成新的北美自贸协定。但是专家认为,由于三国的谈判立场相差较大,而且墨西哥处于大选前的敏感时期,因此能否如期达成协议存在诸多未知数,谈判破裂的可能性也同样存在。

对此,墨西哥政府日前向议会提交的报告指出,政府将尽最大努力寻求谈判达成协议,但不排除谈判破裂和美国退出北美自贸区的可能性。墨西哥正未雨绸缪,提前做好准备。一旦美国退出北美自贸区,墨西哥将和加拿大继续按照自贸协定加强经贸关系,届时和美国的贸易则将按照世贸组织的规定展开。

此外,墨西哥近年来一直在进行贸易多元化的努力,以减少对美国市场的过度依赖。一旦美国退出北美自贸区,墨西哥将进一步加强和欧盟、太平洋联盟以及亚太主要经济体的贸易关系,以减缓和美国贸易关系倒退造成的冲击。

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