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综述:墨西哥冷静应对北美自贸区重新谈判

2017-08-07 18:01:12   新华网

新华社北京8月7日电  综述:墨西哥冷静应对北美自贸区重新谈判

新华社记者宋洁云

美国、加拿大和墨西哥将于8月中旬开启北美自由贸易区重新谈判,商讨修改现行协定。美国在谈判前列出了目标清单,向谈判对象施压。墨西哥被认为是美国在此次谈判中的重点施压对象,为此,墨西哥政府采取措施、冷静应对,同时也做好了美国退出北美自贸区的准备。

由美国、加拿大和墨西哥三国组成的北美自贸区于1994年成立,目前已经成为世界上最主要的区域经济一体化组织之一。美国总统特朗普上台后,认为美国在北美自贸协定条款中“吃了大亏”,要求重新进行谈判。

根据美、加、墨三国达成的协议,首轮谈判将于8月16日至20日在华盛顿举行。墨西哥政府任命经验丰富的肯尼思·拉莫斯为首席谈判代表,还成立了由各政府部门官员和专家组成的强大后援团队。

谈判开始前,美国贸易代表办公室发布谈判目标报告表示,美国政府寻求通过重新谈判与加拿大和墨西哥达成更好的贸易协定,以改善美国制造业、农业与服务业在这两个国家的市场准入,同时减少美国对两国的贸易逆差。此外,美国要求加拿大和墨西哥提高劳工权利,加强环境保护。美国贸易代表罗伯特·莱特希泽说,美国政府希望通过重新谈判达成一个“公正的协议”。

根据美国贸易代表办公室的报告,1994年北美自贸区成立时,美国对墨西哥贸易有13亿美元的顺差。而到了2016年,美国对墨西哥的贸易逆差已超过630亿美元。

联合国拉加经委会认为,美国要求重新谈判北美自贸协定并采取强硬立场是美洲地区贸易开放进程的倒退。

美国知名智库彼得森国际经济研究所公布的报告认为,将重新谈判自贸协定作为美国减少同墨西哥贸易逆差的手段很难达成目标,因为贸易协定在解决贸易逆差的问题上是一个“效率很低的工具”。

美国的强硬态度使墨西哥政府在谈判中面临内外双重压力。墨西哥经济部公布的数据显示,美国和墨西哥2016年双边贸易额达4822.3亿美元。其中墨西哥向美国出口额占其出口总额的80%左右,对美国市场高度依赖的外贸格局并没有实质性改变。如果北美自贸协定谈判破裂,墨西哥对美国的出口必将受到影响。

因此,墨西哥政府对北美自贸协定重新谈判并没有采取强硬抵制立场。墨西哥外交部长路易斯·比德加赖表示,北美自贸协定达成至今已有20多年,国际贸易环境和产品在此期间已发生了很大变化,根据最新变化重新谈判合乎情理。墨西哥将以“建设性态度”参加谈判,力争在相互尊重的基础上达成“使各方受益的协议”。

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