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放疗机房外有个“儿童乐园”

2017-08-07 15:04:12   中国青年网

“光是哄,效果也不好。独生子女家庭,一个孩子六个大人,孩子一见着大人,娇惯的劲儿就上来了。遇到这种情况,我们会让家长暂时远离。孩子一个人呆着的时候,我们再尝试心理干预训练。”

经过从2010年开始的逐步摸索,到今年“六一”儿童节,放疗科已经掌握了一整套心理干预训练。“现在收治的患儿,我们一般在7到10天时间,就能让他完成训练,接受放疗。”房彤介绍,医生首先会对患儿的依从性做一个判断,依从性较好的,训练进程相对会快,依从性较差的,进程较慢。然后,带患儿熟悉体模,用废弃的体模当玩具玩耍,消除恐惧感。接着,让家长陪同,在模拟机房内,体会放疗时的环境。最后,让孩子独自待在模拟机房内,家长和医务人员逐渐远离,“5米、10米,直到我们告诉他在监控室里看着他”。

循序渐进的训练,让患儿一点点意识到放疗并不可怕。“当孩子真正接受过一两次放疗后,他就真的不再恐惧了,因为射线照射是没有感觉的。”后来的事情就顺其自然了,不用医生们劝导,家属甚至是患儿之间口口相传,都认可心理干预训练的重要。“家属一开始不理解,他们希望越早放疗越好,做这些‘无谓’训练干什么?看到别人家孩子训练完后的效果,互相交流后,终于明白了。”房彤说,有很多外地的家属就住在医院附近,早晨6点就来敲值班医生的门,希望能早点儿训练。“家属说,‘大夫,您歇您的,我们带着孩子自己练一会儿’。听到这些话,我们知道,家属们是真的理解训练的意义了。”

这里有孙悟空也有蜘蛛侠

现在,世纪坛医院已经是全国接收放疗患儿最多的医院,每年大约有200名肿瘤患儿在这里放疗。从原来高达50%的放弃率,到现在99%的患儿都能成功接受放疗,心理干预训练的作用至关重要。“对肿瘤患儿来说,接受完放疗后,基本上有75%能做到长期生存。”

在今年“六一”搭建的“儿童乐园”里,最醒目的是满墙彩色头模。这些头模,原先是白色的,毫无色彩和生气。被头模覆盖的感觉,就像被蒙着头,异样与恐慌随之而来。为了让患儿接纳头模,年轻的放疗科医生小葛“自学成才”,学会了用油彩在宣纸上描绘卡通形象。她把画成的宣纸贴到头模上,把头模变成了色彩鲜明、形象生动的卡通面具。孩子们喜闻乐见的“孙悟空”、“蜘蛛侠”,成了抢手的面具,没有孩子再觉得头模可怕,相反却产生了好感。小葛对北京晚报记者说:“孩子学会了‘点餐’,我还得与时俱进,孙悟空、蜘蛛侠这种我还比较熟悉,像熊大熊二,就需要先找到原型了。”

画面具是小葛利用休息时间抽空完成的,一天才能完成一个。心理干预训练课,没有固定的上下课时间,只要有患儿需要就随时开班。所有放疗科的医生、护士、技术员都会参与患儿训练,谁有空谁负责,这种没有加班费的“加班行为”没人排斥。“每次看到孩子懵懂的眼神,家属焦急的神态,我们医生就不忍心放弃任何一个患儿。我们也可以学国外的做法,一针麻醉完事,但心理训练没有任何副作用,是患儿放疗前准备的最佳方式。”

本报记者 孙毅 D175

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