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高原冻土区建设高速路难在哪

2017-08-07 07:33:36   中国青年网

所谓“宽”,就是高速公路路基宽度大带来的大尺度聚热效应;“厚”,就是高速公路路面结构厚带来的厚层承重路面结构储热效应;“黑”,就是黑色沥青路面带来的强吸热效应。

“在这3大问题叠加环境下,很容易造成冻土区公路工程路基不稳定。”“共和至玉树高速公路建设关键技术”项目负责人、中交一公院党委书记汪双杰说。

面对这些难题,中交一公院科研人员迎难而上,积极投入技术攻关,充分调研以前公路整治工程中关于多年冻土处置试验段效果,并消化吸收多年冻土研究成果,通过持续监测、反复试验,为共玉高速公路“量身定制”新技术、新工艺。

“通风换气”——通过采用通风管路基、片(块)石路基,加快空气流动速度,带走热量;“隔离遮盖”——通过采用黑色防护网遮盖工艺和XPS隔热板路基,将外界热量进行物理阻隔,减少热量吸收;“热量传导”——通过采用温热棒路基等技术手段,将吸收的热量通过热棒传导出去……这一系列技术手段的创新运用,攻克了冻土消融这一世界性技术难题。

创新无处不在。在鄂拉山、姜路岭这两座我国首次自主设计建设的多年冻土区公路隧道施工中,建设者运用黑色防晒网替代钢架遮阳棚,节约资金1000万元;在“玉树第一隧”通天河隧道施工中,建设者采用垂直旋喷桩技术成功处理隧道粉砂层溜坍段,有效控制了隧道开挖变形,节约成本近200万元;对预制场、大桥、隧道等控制性工程进行远程视频监控管理等,将共玉高速公路的建设与管理提上了新的高度。

“青海省共和至玉树(结古)公路建设关键技术”项目成果经鉴定达到国际先进水平,获得2015年度“中国公路学会科学技术奖”特等奖。依托“青藏高原G214线干线公路升级改造科技示范工程”立项开展的“共和至玉树高速公路多年冻土路基工程关键技术研究”等5个科研项目研究,已通过鉴定验收,3项达到国际领先水平,2项达到国际先进水平。其中,“高海拔高寒地区高速公路建设技术”项目成果不仅是我国高海拔高寒地区高速公路建设技术的系统集成、创新与超越,体现了目前这一技术研究的前沿水平,也将为青藏高速公路建设提供成套技术支撑。

生态防护有妙招

通过运用草皮移植及管养结合的边坡防护等新技术,草甸植被得到有效保护,经济、社会效益十分显著,共玉高速公路因此被称为“草原上‘长’出来的公路”

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