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高原冻土区建设高速路难在哪

2017-08-07 07:33:36   中国青年网

共玉高速公路穿越“中华水塔”之称的三江源自然保护区,建设中必须实现“高原生态环境不受破坏、江河源水质不受污染、野生动物迁徙不受阻断、自然景观不受影响”的环保目标,对设计、建设理念和技术要求之高前所未有。

共玉高速公路沿线广泛分布高寒草甸植被,该植被类型经过长期生长演替形成稳定的自然群落,建设过程中不可避免对既有植被产生破坏。因此,建设者必须面对如何恢复和保护公路路域及影响区内草甸植被与生态环境的问题,最大限度减少破坏,实现工程建设与环境和谐发展。

建设伊始,共玉高速公路建设者就组织编写了《环境保护施工标准化指南》。根据这一标准化指南,施工营地被选择在没有植被或植被稀少的地方,全线270公里适合草皮移植的路段全部进行草皮的养生移植,而对于沿线土地沙化严重、无法移植草皮的地段,路基平整完成后,则全部利用三维网固土补种技术,并根据当地的地质条件和气候条件实施人工种草。

中交一公院通过综合调研、试验段试验和示范工程示范等一系列手段,结合青藏高原人工建植被的经验教训,创造性地提出了“无痕化”施工理念,采用草皮移植养生、复植以及人工补种等多种措施恢复施工沿线植被。同时,全面创新实施了生态防护技术,将青藏高原宝贵资源草皮充分利用,以草皮移植及管养结合的边坡防护新技术用于边坡植被恢复。

“以草皮移植边坡防护替代原设计窗孔式、菱形骨架防护,完成1000余万平方米,节约工程建设投资7亿元以上。”汪双杰告诉记者。

草皮边坡不仅保护了生态环境和冻土,提高施工效率达5倍以上,并且自然生长的草皮边坡基本不需要后期的养护,草皮生长时间越长,边坡越稳固,维护成本越低。这一生态防护技术的广泛应用,是共玉高速公路的“绿色亮点”,沿线群众因此称赞共玉高速公路为“草原上‘长’出来的公路”。

汪双杰介绍,中交一公院在创新三江源区高寒脆弱生态路基修筑无痕化施工技术过程中,还提出了适用于高寒地区植被恢复建设的植生袋技术,明确了最佳植物配比、腐殖土、保水剂、复合肥和专用肥用量比例,实现边坡绿化防护同步、同期,为生态保护提供了科学依据。

在不断探索中,共玉高速公路形成以“路基清表草皮移植技术”“高海拔高寒地区植草技术”“公路路基高边坡草皮生态防护技术”为主要内容的高海拔高寒地区公路建设生态防护综合体系。其中,“公路路基高边坡草皮生态防护技术”获得青海省职工科技创新成果一等奖。

通过投入巨额环保资金,积极采用新技术、新工艺,以及科学规划和认真落实草皮移植、人工种草、湿地保护和动物生存环境保护等各项生态环境保护措施,共玉高速公路沿线的冻土、植被、湿地均得到有效保护。

据统计,共玉高速公路每公里环保投资超过40万元,全线环保总投入达到3亿元,占工程总投资的近3%。生态防护工程的全面实施,将高寒高海拔地区混凝土圬工防护面临的冻融破坏的耐久性问题彻底解决,经济、社会效益十分显著。

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