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牛专家齐聚世界牦牛之都共议振兴牦牛金点子

2017-08-05 14:31:58   央广网

集官员与专家于一身的马清德介绍,青草期短,产草量低,雪灾多发,狼害严重 ,超载放牧。“温饱”问题仍然是制约牦牛养殖的根本原因。青海牦牛主要养殖类型传统牧户,青海牦牛养殖的主体,数量多,涉及农牧民人口多,覆盖地域广,是发展牦牛养殖业的基本依靠,是畜牧业增产增效的突破口。养殖大户主要在牧区,人均草场多,自家草地放牧,或租赁草场放牧。牦牛养殖合作社新型的养殖模式,目前全省牧区共有合作社961家,养殖牦牛30多万头。特别是,生态畜牧业建设以来,合作社数量快速增加,经营主体结构不断优化,经营模式也不断升级,成为了全省牦牛养殖业现代化发展的主流模式。养殖场据调查全省养殖场和合作社共有620多家,平均存栏牦牛300头以上。

青藏高原的特殊性限制了该产业进入更高层次的发展,为此,国家和各地政府对科研给予厚望,据悉,全国有关牦牛的科学研究成果共计300多项,其中,青海省已取得130多项涉及牦牛的科研成果。多地建立了牦牛试验站,例如大通、海北、玉树综合试验站。省部共建有国家重点实验室培训基地青海省高原放牧家畜营养与生态重点实验室。科研人员近400人。成功培育了“大通牦牛,2004年,大通牦牛通过国家审定, 近11年来累计推广2万头,大通牦牛后裔已达130万头,创造经济效益7.8亿,年均7000万元。提纯复壮,全省每年推广牦牛良种活体9200头,近5年累计推广4.6万头,改良母牦牛30万头。全省每年生产牦牛细管冻精5万剂

一个值得观察的实例是,2011年在青海省果洛藏族自治州久治县智青松多镇注册成立的青海五三六九生态牧业科技有限公司,由8名博士、12名教授组成的团队进行研究,在牦牛源产地建起了符合欧盟标准的现代化畜牧业产品加工基地。青海省农牧厅厅长王玉虎说,牦牛被誉为“雪域之舟”,牦牛全身都是宝,是牧民群众赖以生存的基本生产生活资料,藏族群众的衣、食、住、行、烧、耕都离不开它。牦牛像勤劳淳朴的高原儿女一样,在千百年的磨砺中不断衍生,支撑着青海特色农牧业发展与牧民生活水平的提高。发展牦牛产业对青海具有独特而重要的意义。

专家学者和业内官员的共识是,随着国内经济条件的改善和对外贸易的不断加强,牦牛肉及其他牦牛产品的消费无论在质量上还是在数量上都有了很大的提高,消费群体和市场范围在不断扩大。这项宏伟的计划如何实现?专家认为,各地政府需要纠正对“牦牛是落后的畜种”、“牦牛属于不经济畜种”、“牦牛肉是目前市场上最不经济的畜产品”等的认识误区。正确认识牦牛产业,牦牛在高寒牧区具有特殊重要的经济学地位,具有不可替代的生态价值。牦牛产业不是要不要保护,要不要支持的问题,而是如何加强保护、加快发展的问题。

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