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1800万流动老人成为都市“隐形人” 精神疾患高发

2017-08-05 11:31:57   央广网

从流出地性质来看,来自农村、乡镇、中小城市、大城市的比例分别是36%、18%、32%以及14%,来自农村的随迁老人比例略高。记者还特别注意到,随迁老人中女性多于男性;从年龄来看,随迁老人趋于低龄化,多数处于56~60岁及61~70岁两个年龄段,占上述调研报告总数的94%。

“隐形老人”或成精神疾患高发人群

“社区‘隐形老人’目前已形成一定规模,他们离开自己熟悉的环境来到陌生的城市,身份、心理认知带来社交行为的阻碍,可能会出现精神抑郁等同质化问题。”中国青年政治学院教师、北师大心理学专业博士周军分析称,此前就有数据显示,在老年群体患抑郁症的人群中,尤以随迁老人居多。

“心理健康、精神疾病的发生,与人际关系的支持程度有非常大的联系。一个随迁老人本身就面临‘连根拔起’的新生活、又缺少人际支持,生活中没有交往的对象,无人倾诉。”在多年研究心理学的周军看来,这些对于老人的精神健康都会产生非常负面的影响。

其实,有时以上问题的出现也和老人的性格有很大关系。“他们觉得被抛弃了,已经回不去老家了,感觉成为了多余的人。”北京城市学院公共管理学教授苗艳梅认为,子女现在更需要“反哺”父母,对他们进行家庭的辅导。

央广网记者王永康 摄

她还建议,政府要购买服务,社会机构还要多开展对流动人口的服务项目,尤其在政策衔接方面,比如完善社会保障制度,解决异地医疗报销的问题,对北京市老人在医疗等方面的优惠,要与随迁老人或实现一定程度的等同。

再比如,社区可专门组织为随迁老人成立兴趣小组。“有些医院专门将患有乳腺癌病人组织起来办活动,因为他们交流起来有很多共鸣之处。” 苗艳梅补充说到,如果政府购买服务的话,还必须形成制度化。

“不好融入城市是正常的,但随着老人在生理上的老化,感觉器官、学习及适应能力一定程度的下降,挑战会更大。”周军认为,这是作为随迁老人步入城市化的适应阶段、而不是结局。

注:为保护采访对象,文中部分名字为化名;部分相关数据来源《北京社会治理发展报告(2016~2017)》,北京社科院

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