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歼-20飞行员头盔揭秘:外形酷 内涵多(图)

2017-08-03 09:37:21   科技日报

原标题:歼-20飞行员头盔外形酷,内涵多

科技日报北京8月2日电在庆祝建军90周年阅兵式中,中国自主研发的四代隐形战机歼-20首次以3机编队形式曝光,引来军迷强烈关注。特别是电视直播画面中,首次曝光了歼-20的座舱内景,虽然看不到座舱细节以及布局,但是飞行员佩戴的头盔却让人眼前一亮。可以看出,这款外形科幻的头盔简洁但绝不简单。

“这款产品应该属于歼-20战斗机的标配,作为匹配四代机的飞行员头盔,它应该是一款媲美世界尖端飞行头盔的先进产品。”一位匿名的军事评论员告诉科技日报记者。

他介绍,战斗机飞行员在飞行过程中,飞行速度很快,同时为了完成各种技术动作,飞行的姿态变化会很大,需要头盔来保护飞行员的头部。而飞机发动机等设备发出的声音较大,飞行员需要头盔来隔音,并与外界保持通讯。同时,在飞行过程中,为了更好地驾驶,需要提供给飞行员各种信息,如高度、爬升率、飞行姿态、地形等信息。由于战斗机飞行员在执行任务时的飞行速度很快,并且需要快速做出各种飞行动作,他们需要随时都能方便地得到需要的信息。如果像早期的飞机一样显示在下方的仪表盘上,飞行员需要不时看向前方,又向下观察仪表,这样很不利于飞行员操控飞机。

“三代机的飞行员头盔并没有头盔显示系统,而是和平视显示器、瞄准具分开使用,视野仍只是眼睛能看到的范围,很窄。雷达发现敌机后,飞行员需要将机头转向敌机位置才能进行瞄准和发射,在目标与飞机的轴线角度超过±60°时,无法进行导弹发射,非常不利于空中格斗。”他说,“而在四代机上,这些信息都会在飞行员头盔显示器上显示,十分方便。另外,战斗机飞行员在战斗时需要进行瞄准、锁定及发射导弹,瞄准系统集成在了头盔显示系统里,有利于飞行员更好地执行任务,提高作战效率。”

记者了解到,先进战机的飞行员头盔都集成了很多先进技术,如F-35的飞行员头盔,就集成了光电分布式孔径系统(EODAS),飞机外的光电传感器会将外部景象拍摄下来,显示在飞行员头盔上,让飞行员的视野不再受座舱的阻挡,而扩大到飞机外部传感器的探测范围内,相当于“透视”了飞机。当能见度较低或夜间飞行时,由于传感器使用红外探测,仍可以清晰地显示外部情况。

“由于光电分布式孔径系统可显示飞机周围360°的情况,敌机在飞机的任何位置都可以向其瞄准并发射导弹,无论是飞机的前方还是后方,可以说飞行员看到哪儿就能打到哪儿。”他指出。

新华社的报道指出,第四代战机还具有强大的信息采纳和集成能力。雷达、光雷、数据链、机械链、电子对抗……歼-20“浑身都是鼻子眼睛”,能综合接收各种信息,再以优越的信息集成能力,用简洁、高效、友好的人机界面反馈给飞行员。“信息在眼前,操纵在指尖。”空军某部某站站长汤海宁如是说。

对此,这位军事评论员判断,“从目前电视画面曝光的歼-20头盔来看,外表简洁,没有外置的瞄准具等设备接口,说明这款头盔已经实现了头盔显示功能。采访中我们了解到,歼-20的传感器功能极为强大,这些传感器的信息也会显示在歼-20的头盔上,其中也许就包括了光电分布式孔径系统。”

责任编辑:陈倩 CN030
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