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地域国学的新开拓
2017-08-05 03:31:46 中国青年网
其二,《湘学通论》还重点研究了湘学的学术旨趣。 作者指出,“学术旨趣”既是一个中国传统学术概念,又是一个西方现代学术概念,但是他特别强调,“学术旨趣”是中国传统学术史运用得较多的一个概念。人们一般把某学派、学者及其著述的学术宗旨、思想兴趣、基本思想、观点倾向等称之为“旨趣”,这种学术旨趣能够导致学术体系的建构、学术特色的形成与学派的分化。作者认为,学术旨趣的差异除了受时间性的社会条件影响外,同时受空间性的社会条件所制约。由于学术旨趣的差异一般会受到时代思潮与地域传统的制约,不同地域的学者、学术形态会在学术旨趣上存在差异。如两宋时期出现的著名学派包括蜀学、洛学、关学、闽学、湖湘学、浙学、江西学等等,各个地域学派均有自己不同的学术旨趣,它们往往在自己的学术宗旨、知识兴趣、思想倾向方面表现出差异。《湘学通论》强调,湘学学统的依据,在于湘学学者在学问宗旨、知识兴趣等方面存在许多的“相似性”,这种学术旨趣的“相似性”会通过一代代学者不断积淀、不断传承,故而成为一种稳定性较强的区域性学风。尽管每一个历史时期的学术思潮不一样,每一个学派的话语体系不一样,每一个学者的知识结构也不一样,但是,如果追根溯源,湘学学者在学术旨趣上存在相似的地方。也就是说,湘学大家庭中的所有成员之间,有一种“家族相似性”的特点,这恰恰是湘学学统成立的最重要依据。湘学学术旨趣的形成,不仅体现了湘学的地域化特征,同时也体现了中华学术文化的一般性追求。中国传统学术旨趣往往体现为道、治、学的普遍追求,但是,不同地域的学术传统往往会表现出对道、治、学不同的学术宗旨和知识兴趣,从而体现出不同的学术旨趣。这样,湘学学者之所以形成对道、治、学相同的学术旨趣,不仅体现出湘学学统的地域化特色,同时也体现出追求道、治、学统一的中华学术文化的普遍性价值。
(作者:王琦,系长沙理工大学副教授)
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