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笔者认为,学生淘汰机制是提高高等教育质量的有效杠杆。严格执行学生淘汰制度不应该成为一种“费力不讨好的事情”,更不应该成为新闻。
高水平大学应当达成一种共识,如果执行严格的学术标准,入学的学生中必然会有一部分因为学业表现不合格而毕不了业,并且要将这种“本科教育注定存在淘汰”的观念在招生过程中就传递给学生。学校应该在本科教育质量公报和年度统计公报上向全社会公布近五年的学生淘汰率。
高等教育系统应当进一步架构起淘汰之后的“出口”和“出路”。目前,部分高校除了选拔性的学业优秀学生申请转专业制度之外,也建立起了“专业学习不适应”学生转专业的机制,这就为在专业内部淘汰的学生提供了缓冲。
事实上,优秀学生考插班生的制度在部分院校中已发挥了很好的作用,我们还应当研究面向被淘汰学生、建立转学的“申请-考核”制度。为这部分学生在被本校淘汰之后,还有机会留在普通高等教育体系中学习创造制度安排。此外,部分高校为淘汰学生提供了保留修读学分的政策,当他们被淘汰后选择再次通过高考进入学校时,所有获得过的学分都是被承认的,这是一种非常人性化的安排。被淘汰的学生还可以通过成人教育、开放教育、网络教育、自学考试等多种途径接受高等教育。
社会接纳的是有学力的人,而不只是有学历的人。而在形成淘汰是一种“必需”的共识和求学“立交桥”构建起来之后,就应当要求教师和教务管理部门严格执行淘汰制度。从这个角度而言,华中科技大学的“本降专”制度正是该校进一步严格执行淘汰制度的前奏。
(作者系同济大学高等教育研究所讲师)
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