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白鹤滩水电站主体工程全面建设 揭秘在建规模世界第一大水电站

2017-08-04 06:07:56   中国青年网

白鹤滩被称为中国乃至世界上难度最大的水电工程之一。中国三峡集团党组成员、副总经理樊启祥介绍,一方面白鹤滩水电站主要特性指标均居世界前列:拱坝坝高289米,居世界第三;300米级高坝抗震参数居世界第一;地下洞室群规模居世界第一。另一方面,水电站坝址的地质环境复杂:峡谷地形不对称、岩性复杂、高地震烈度等。在如此复杂多样的地质结构上建设“巨无霸”,其技术难度可想而知。

大坝是水电站的核心工程,白鹤滩为双曲拱坝,大坝基础为柱状节理玄武岩,很容易松弛、碎裂。如何保障大坝的坚固?樊启祥介绍,三峡集团通过多年的专题研究,找到控制其松弛变形的工程措施。从建设实际情况看,这一技术难关基本攻克。

地下洞室群是白鹤滩水电站攻克的另一个难关。据了解,地下洞室数量众多,且相互交错,洞室开挖量达2500万立方米,其中电站厂房洞长438米,顶拱跨度34米,高88.7米,为世界已建跨度最大地下厂房;8个圆筒式尾水调压室直径43—48米,为世界已建跨度最大调压室。

建造这一“地下迷宫”并非易事。专家称,这项工作就像是在一个奶油夹层的大蛋糕里掏一个洞的同时,又要保证外部不变形。设计单位采用三维设计技术、数值仿真技术,解决超大地下洞室布置、施工组织和工程安全等难题,取得多项技术创新。

单机容量世界第一,水电设备完全自主创新

发电机组是水电站的核心设备,在白鹤滩水电站的各项特性指标中,“百万机组”备受瞩目。据介绍,水电站将采用达100万千瓦水轮发电机组,单机容量居世界第一。

百万机组标志着我国水电设备的设计和制造取得质的突破,具有许多优势。中国三峡集团机电工程局局长张成平介绍,首先,提高机组容量能够进一步促进电网稳步运行;其次,机组容量越大,能量转化效率越高;第三,白鹤滩水电站位于高山峡谷,大容量机组可以减少单机组台数,优化工程布局。

世界上能够满足安装百万机组的水电站并不多。张成平介绍,从2006年开始,三峡集团牵头国内设计单位、科研院所和设备制造厂家,攻克发动机散热、新型材料等系列技术难关,实现了百万机组的完全自主创新。

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