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在法律“两制”之间搭建沟通与融通的桥梁——访中国法律服务有限公司高级主任庄仲希
这么一个很技术的东西,在社会上却引起了反响。有些人就把他任意解读为中国司法部在香港设的一个法律服务机构不去注册,质疑这样做怎么能够保证一国两制、依法办事、怎么能在回归后尊重法律等等,在很多报纸上登出来。当时我们公司还在华润大厦,很多记者就蹲在门口,扛着摄像机、拿着话筒要采访。我们就一面和律师会交涉,一面向中央、司法部作了报告,领导直接指示我们要有理有节地坚持谈。一直谈到7月1日,就很顺利地按照“外来律师”这个档次给我们注册了,但是那个法律并没有改变,我们的做法是促使他们在所有关于律师管理的法律的中文版中、涉及非香港律师的,都改为“外来律师”字样。这个意义就在于,作为中国内地来的律师,在香港进行法律服务都能够有一个正式注册的地方,按照基本法执行正式的管理机制。
由这个讲出来,可以也顺便讲一下关于回归后的几次人大释法。为什么这些释法,在香港都会有一些杂音呢?因为这个问题在香港的法律理念上是这样认为的:他们认为在立法机关把法律通过颁布以后,立法机关就没有解释权了。这是普通法的概念。在香港而言,立法会一读、二读、三读通过,在宪报上公布,之后立法会就没有解释权了。解释权归谁呢?遇到了特定案子时,由法院进行解释,法院的解释有可能比原来的法更深,有可能推翻了某一个法律,在普通法下,法官可以造法。所以在他们理念里面,觉得立法机关去解释法律会怪怪的。香港有一些人有这样的想法,并不非得是从理念上、意识形态上就不认同中央管理,而是法律理念的区别,香港有些一般民众甚至法律人会有这样理念区别。
这里面最重要的问题在哪儿呢?香港这些反对释法者混淆了一个很重要的概念,就是回归以后宪制性的变化。他们把全国人大及其常委会降低为“仅”是一个立法机关。他们并没有理解到,全国人大及其常委会是中国最高的权力机关。中国是一个单一制的国家,香港是中国的一个特别行政区,是由基本法统领“被授予”的管理权。那么谁授予呢?全国人大授予。全国人大是国家最高权力机关,当然同时它有立法权,但它不是一个普通法意义下的、单纯的立法机关。这一点我想很多香港法律工作者,包括一些民众,都并没有认识到。他们还在套用他们立法会去理解,在意识中他们是把全国人大的法律地位降格为一个简单的立法机关。我觉得还是要给大家说明,学习基本法、普及基本法都要把这一点跟民众讲清楚,让大家知道回归之后宪制的变化。其实港英时代也差不多。英女皇发布一个命令,敢说她如何如何吗?什么也不敢说啊。一百年来没有人对英女皇提出异议啊。
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