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打捞“世越”号消耗钢材5000余吨 任务艰巨世界罕见

2017-06-09 11:36:42   

“拿到招标文件后,我们立即组织技术专家,解剖标书要领,策划总体方案,细化施工细节,审慎制定标书。”王伟平说。

功夫不负有心人。2015年8月4日,上海打捞局凭借卓有成效的技术设计,以“钢梁托底、整体抬浮、滚卸上岸”的人性化方案,经过多轮技术澄清以及业主近千余道问题的答辩,最终从美国泰坦公司、荷兰思密特公司、丹麦斯威瑟公司等国际一流承包商中脱颖而出,赢下招标。

海底引线穿针,海面双船如一

对于中方的打捞方案,王伟平用了一个比喻:“所谓钢梁托底,就是用几十根钢缆牵拉住一块钢梁底板,像抬担架一样,慢慢将‘世越’号整体抬升出水。”

据他介绍,“世越”号沉船整体起浮,采用驳船抬浮方式完成,包括抬浮提升出水、拖航移位、移放半潜驳和整体起浮出水四个作业环节。上海打捞局将33根钢梁放置在“世越”号沉船底部,与布置在两艘大型抬浮驳上的提升钢绞线连接,再通过液压提升装置,把沉没在水下45米的“世越”号提升至出水13米设计高度后,由拖轮整体拖移至预沉放的半潜驳上。最后由半潜驳将沉船整体抬浮出水。

钢梁托底的设计看似简单,操作中却并不容易。中国作业团队需要将33根钢梁从船底穿过,分布依次为船艏5根、船尾10根以及船身18根。而一根钢梁就长达28.5米、宽1.8米、高0.9米,单体重达45.36吨,工程规模堪称罕见。

除天气与水下地质条件,对现场作业同样影响巨大。“水下基本都是碎石,小的都有巴掌大,给钢缆穿引作业增加了很大难度。”王伟平说。不过,经过团队科技攻关,上海打捞局首创水下开沟犁系统,硬是在海底岩石面上“犁”出了放置钢梁的空间。

此外,“双驳船钢绞线提升”也是“世越”号打捞过程中的一大创新。

抬升“世越”号,需要两艘半潜驳船上各33台绞盘的同步作业。但是在波涛汹涌的海上,两艘驳船的运动方向和动作幅度一旦误差过大,33条钢索就有可能因为受力不均而断裂,导致任务失败。

面对这一挑战,中方技术人员结合作业现场的具体情况,自主研发了一套全新的深层补偿系统,最终解决了这一问题。“这就相当于在钢索后面加了个弹簧。当钢索受力很大的时候,弹簧就能起到缓冲作用。”王伟平说。

大开大合,提升行业上限

“世越”号的打捞,历时一年半。期间,上海打捞局共投入作业船舶20艘,施工作业时间3000余天,人员2170人次。其中,所占比重较大的潜水作业累计完成逾6000人次,水下作业总时间近1.3万小时。整个打捞工程,消耗钢材5000余吨。工程时间之长、任务之艰巨,为世界打捞史上罕见。

面对项目难度,上海打捞局在作业过程中,提出、应用了大量技术创新。除33根托底钢梁、双驳船钢绞线提升之外,“世越”号打捞工程还因地制宜革新了抽油设备、首创沉船船首水下系固系统、首创使用内置浮力、采用SPMT(自行模块运输车)技术首次将重达16700吨沉船整体滚卸等。

“‘世越’号的成功打捞,在诸多方面创造了世界打捞史上的奇迹。我们的创新,也为打捞更大吨位沉船,提供了有力的技术支撑和经验借鉴。”王伟平说。

(原标题:打捞“世越”号消耗钢材5000余吨 任务艰巨世界罕见)

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