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告别“一刀切” 醉驾量刑回归司法理性

2017-05-26 08:07:01   

众所周知,“醉驾入刑”是2011年实施的刑法修正案(八)增加的,是“危险驾驶罪”的一部分。

刑法修正案(八)在刑法第133条交通肇事罪的后面增加了一条,其内容为:“在道路上驾驶机动车追逐竞驶,情节恶劣的,或者在道路上醉酒驾驶机动车的,处拘役,并处罚金。有前款行为,同时构成其他犯罪的,依照处罚较重的规定定罪处罚。”该条就是著名的危险驾驶罪规定。

从法律条文来看,危险驾驶罪有两种情形,一是“追逐竞驶”,如果“情节恶劣”则入刑;二是“醉酒驾驶”,法律没有附加任何条件,从文意上解释,只要“醉驾”就应入刑,公众“醉驾一律入刑”的概念即来源于此。

实际上,在一些地方的司法实践中,早已有对情节显著轻微醉驾免予刑事处罚的案例。2017年年初,浙江、江苏、上海等地相继出台规定,对部分轻微醉驾行为不追究刑事责任。 CNSPHOTO提供

为保证刑法修正案(八)的正确实施,同年9月,公安部下发《关于公安机关办理醉酒驾驶机动车犯罪案件的指导意见》,规定“要从严掌握立案标准,对经检验驾驶人血液酒精含量达到醉酒驾驶机动车标准的,一律以涉嫌危险驾驶罪立案侦查”。

2013年12月,最高人民法院、最高人民检察院、公安部印发《关于办理醉酒驾驶机动车刑事案件适用法律若干问题的意见》,规定“在道路上驾驶机动车,血液酒精含量达到80毫克/100毫升以上的,属于醉酒驾驶机动车,依照刑法第133条第1款的规定,以危险驾驶罪定罪处罚”。

但有关醉酒驾车行为是否适用于刑法总则第13条“但书”条款的争议一直在持续,即情节显著轻微对社会危害不大的行为,能否不认定为犯罪。司法实践中,甚至公检法等不同部门的认定也不完全一致。

华东政法大学比较刑法与国际刑法研究所所长李翔介绍,刑法修正案(八)草案一审稿和二审稿立法时原本设置的是“在道路上驾驶机动车,追逐竞驶,或者醉酒驾驶机动车,情节严重的”,定稿时设置为“在道路上驾驶机动车追逐竞驶,情节恶劣的,或者在道路上醉酒驾驶机动车的”,将“情节恶劣的”提前。这一变化究竟意味着什么,刑法学界也是各有不同理解。

尽管如此,这几年来时不时出门应酬的人们,都切身感受到了“醉驾入刑”这一法律条款的威慑力。不管是政府官员、社会名流还是普通老百姓,交警查酒驾让驾驶员吹气,发现所吹气体中酒精含量达到或超过了80毫克/100毫升,就立即抽血复检;确定还是超标时,就予以刑事立案,入刑没商量。

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