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争鸣:批捕权改革是否会成真?

2017-05-13 08:03:38   

英美法系的逮捕相当于我们的刑事拘留,加拘传或传唤,再加人民扭送,甚至还包括《警察法》规定的留置盘查,行政拘留中的强制到案等,唯一不同的是,英美法系的逮捕只是短时间羁押,并无长时间羁押的内涵。

而我国的逮捕通常意味着附带长期羁押,几乎是没有期限的。一般是指公安机关将嫌疑人羁押以后,经过预审,再经过繁琐的内部审批程序,向检察院提请逮捕,检察院经过阅卷、提审,再经过繁琐的内部审批程序,作出批准或不批准逮捕的通知,公安机关接到通知后,急急忙忙去向嫌疑人宣告,不批准的就马上释放了,批准的则继续羁押,一直到法院作出判决。

二、我国的逮捕也不等于长期羁押

不管我们的逮捕概念如何与众不同,只要实体上能够实现刑事诉讼的目的也就够了,毕竟概念只是个表面的符号。我们的逮捕要有意义,就必须与公安机关的刑事拘留区分开,刑事拘留管短期羁押,逮捕管长期羁押。

然而,现实是,公安机关的刑事拘留期限并不短,有最长可达37天的刑事拘留期限,国外警方的短期羁押期限一般是1-3天。都一个多月了,还怎么算是短期羁押呢,刑罚中的拘役最低都只有15天。

更离谱的是,逮捕也并不意味着长期羁押,新的刑事诉讼法赋予了检察院“羁押必要性审查”权限,检察院“对被逮捕的犯罪嫌疑人、被告人有无继续羁押的必要性进行审查,对不需要继续羁押的,建议办案机关予以释放或者变更强制措施的监督活动。”

这么看来,检察院的逮捕职权与公安机关的拘留职权是一模一样的,都是审判前的羁押措施,都可以决定羁押还是取保,唯一不同的是逮捕后的办案时间更充裕。虽然多了一道把关的程序,但并没有证据证明审查批捕检察员的素质就一定比公安哥哥高,且如果仅仅是为了案件质量,多设一个把关程序,为什么不为了案件质量再设置两个、三个或者更多的把关程序呢?

多头管理,权力同质化明显,既造成公务机关体制庞大、人员臃肿,也影响司法的权威,制造更多的寻租空间。从权力制衡和监督的角度考虑,一个案件经历公检法三个机关是有必要的,但是每个单位应该负责不同的流程,前后衔接,井然有序。

三、我国的逮捕审批对后续程序并无意义

虽说检察院为了批捕也是操碎了心,无论公安什么时候送案子过来,哪怕是年二十九,负责批捕的筒子也得在七天之内完成一切程序,作出最终决定,可怜了那些在节假日都不得不常态加班的筒子们。

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