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火车没有方向盘,带你看看它如何调整方向

2017-05-08 08:07:39   

那为什么我们在其他列车上都没有看见这样的调速器呢?

北京机务段京广机车队 党支部书记 李晓东:“这个圆形的现在已经在机车上很少见了,随着科技发展还有火车的提速,圆形的手轮已经满足不了高速的机车上用了,所以改成了推杆式的,推杆式的调速器要比这种手轮式的提高了一倍的工作效率,提速比较快,比较灵活方便。”

看来火车上确实是没有控制转向的方向盘,但是面对错综复杂的轨道,司机又是如何控制火车开往不同方向的呢?专家告诉记者,火车转换不同方向,其实是由铁轨中一个叫做“道岔”的装置来完成的。

北京西电务段北京西车间 主任 沈艳华:“在两条钢轨的中间会有两个尖轨,通过岔道转换,尖轨密贴向不同方向的钢轨,来引导火车向不同的线路去转换。火车过去之后,要根据下一趟火车需要行进的方向,来决定是否再扳动道岔。”

专家告诉记者,火车转换不同方向,其实是由铁轨中一个叫做道岔的装置来完成的。专家介绍,火车车轮内侧,有一圈比车轮半径更大的圆盘,叫做‘轮缘’,它将车轮紧紧的卡在铁轨中间,不仅可以避免脱轨,同时也用来在岔道上变轨,当道岔部分留有小细缝的时候,轮缘就可以从小细缝中穿过,按照原本轨道引导的方向行进。而当两根轨道密贴时,轮缘就被引导到新的轨道方向行进。由此可见,道岔移动的方向非常重要,过去我国都是靠人工来转换道岔的,但随着铁道线路的逐渐增多,为了提高作业效率,保证行驶安全,现在我国大部分的道岔都是依靠电路集中控制的。

火车作为日常重要的公共交通工具,保障其稳定性和安全性是火车设计者要考虑的首要因素,我们看到的调速器和道岔装置的进化只是中国铁路运输技术革新中的一小步。而正是一点一滴的进步推动着“中国速度”走向世界。

(本文编辑:魏园园)

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