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女孩当主角男孩成背景 成长女性化教育偏差如何解

2017-05-30 23:51:21   新华社

“‘男孩女性化成长’问题,说到底是成长过程中男性角色缺失、缺位造成的。尤其6岁以下的小孩自我意识和理性思维还没有成型,模仿是主要学习方式。如果生活、学习中长期缺少男性角色的教育和关怀,男孩就容易产生偏差。”湖南商学院心理咨询师蒋瑛瑾说。

而记者了解到,各地不少基础教育的学校里,“男教师荒”已很普遍,在低年级更为严重,幼儿园则是“男教师难求”。

“男老师数量太少,想招也招不到。”长沙一位民办幼儿园园长介绍说,学校也希望多补充一些男老师,可事实上幼教、师范专业的男生本就极为有限,而学校每年招考教师,参与考试的男教师寥寥无几,现有男女老师比例失衡很难被打破。

“大学时我们幼教师范班,班上40多人里只有3名男生,但毕业后他们都转专业自谋出路了。”长沙幼教老师黄爱云说:“在很多人眼中,当幼师、教孩子就是女人的事情……”

蒋瑛瑾认为,学校教师队伍中女教师所占比普遍要高于男教师,课堂教学、游戏内容、行为模式传达上更容易打上“女性”标签,而老师是孩子最愿意效仿的。同时,女教师更喜欢文静的学生,女孩在幼儿园的优势被放大。而老师对顽皮的男孩表现出排斥,也很可能在不自觉中忽视了男孩在运动、视觉和空间方面的能力。

“在幼儿、小学年龄段,女孩本身就比男孩在身体发育和心智上要领先一些,而偏活泼、调皮吵闹的男孩,天性则容易被压抑。这会导致男孩自信心不足,表现出怯懦、柔弱的一面,不利于男孩的成长。”蒋瑛瑾说。

长沙市岳麓区教育集团第三幼儿园园长周淑群说:“家庭生活中,父亲带孩子机会较少,绝大多数孩子在家里由妈妈和女性老人照顾。男性角色缺失,孩子容易按女性的思维、行为模式去看待、处理问题。”

“男孩危机”亟待教育“补位”

男生在学业、体制、心理及社会适应能力等方面都落后于女生的现象,有专家将之称为“男孩危机”。储朝晖认为,基础教育中男生过早被边缘化,容易让孩子自尊、自信心受损,不利于实现教育公平和男生的个性发展。

“女性在照顾、教育孩子过程中体现出来的细心、耐心、爱心优势,都是有目共睹的。所以并不是说女性教师多,男孩就一定会‘女性化成长’。”周淑群指出。

周淑群表示,平衡学校男女教师比例非常重要,应呼吁社会改变对男教师、特别是男幼师的职业偏见,从人才培养上给予男教师更多支持,鼓励更多优秀男性从事教育事业。“学校要想方设法积极引进男教师,如在体育社团活动、兴趣课堂上引进兼职男教师。”

储朝晖认为,教育部门应积极探索,鼓励教师在教学、考试中多增加一些可发挥男孩想象力和创造力的内容,全面、客观评价男孩的表现和发展。而学校课程设置也要更注重“性别差异”。

“在课程设置上更应该平衡,减少内容上的性别标签,多增加适合男孩的武术、体育等项目,或可实施部分课程的男女分班教学。在学校举行的文艺活动上,应注意增加适合男孩的表演,充分展现出男女性别差异。”储朝晖说。

记者了解到,各地针对“男孩危机”,已有些新尝试,“男孩班”“男班主任工作室”“男生教材”等相继出现。如“男生教材”主要致力于帮助男孩了解生长过程中所需要面对的一些性别困惑,旨在提升男孩敢于担当的勇气与素养,对孩子进行有益的个性塑造。

周淑群表示,家庭里父亲的角色“补位”也极为重要,“对男孩子来说,人生中最重要的角色、行为范本就是父亲,父亲对男孩的影响甚至远远超过老师。”周淑群建议,家庭教育可以通过设立“家风家规”,引导男孩培养独立、坚强、阳刚的性格。

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