新闻 > 社会
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/1007/20160612/22848189.html
Server: cms-9-156
Date: 2026/01/23 20:49:17

Powered by China
China

中国大陆现存最早毕业证 出自洋老师证上写英文(图)

2016-06-12 06:52:28   华西都市报

张孝基毕业证

看到这张报纸一样大的东西,谁能想到它是一张毕业证呢?事实上,它不仅是一张毕业证,还是中国大陆现存最早的大学毕业证,来自西南交通大学,目前珍藏于西南交大档案馆,人们仍然可以在校史馆看到它的仿真件。

这张毕业证背后有怎样的历史?1896年,时任直隶总督兼北洋大臣王文韶就创办学校一事上奏光绪皇帝获准,西南交通大学的前身——山海关北洋铁路官学堂 (Imperial Chinese Railway College)应运而生。与旧式书院教育不同,山海关北洋铁路官学堂从一开始,就表现出更为灵活的教学方式,基础理论和联系实际并重。正堂外的西小院设有发动机、抽水机、车床、钻床,以及电工、钳工、木工工具,并有收发电报的设备,已具有实验室的雏形,以满足培养学生实践能力的需要。学堂注重课外实践活动,如1900年学堂组织全体学生在总教习英国人葛尔飞的带领下参观大小凌河工程,学生们在此一睹“中国铁路之父”詹天佑的风采。除了日常学习,学堂还十分注重学生的身体素质,在学生中提倡着短衣,鼓励参加体育运动,专门把学堂房舍的第四进院落作为学生运动场地。

学堂自创建始,对学生的要求便十分严格,招考录取的学生,要经过路局机关的淘汰测试才算真正合格。不但如此,经历千辛万苦进入学堂的学生,还要经受频繁的考试考察,成绩优良则列榜奖励、增加赡银,成绩不合格则留级、退学,或者不发文凭。在最初招考第一批学生时,原本计划招收头两班学生40名,但因对学生质量的严格要求,第一届竟没能招满。

1900年,山海关北洋铁路官学堂第一届第一、二班学生毕业,39人中只有17人得到毕业证书。这是中国现代教育史上第一批土木工程学科的正规的大学毕业生,这张毕业证的主人张孝基就是其中之一。

毕业证的开本比现在的四开报纸还大,正上方用英文印着Imperial Chinese Railway College,直译是“中华帝国铁路学院”,右面是用毛笔手书“山海关北洋铁路官学堂张孝基”。据了解,由于当时进校要读两年预科,学生需要学习外文课程,而后才开始学习两年专业课程。根据毕业证上反映的情况,张孝基学的是土木专业。根据相关记载,当时本科也是四年制,所有的课程有30多门。

记者看到,毕业证详细记录了张孝基在校期间正规课程结业考试的成绩,有English(英文)、Chinese(中文)、Mechanics(力学)、Drawing(制图)等7门主修课,在Chinese的成绩一栏填写有“文义通顺”字样。据了解,这张毕业证在上世纪60年代,由张孝基本人捐赠给学校。而遗憾的是,对于张孝基毕业后的情况,校方只知道他曾在铁路部门工作,其余知之甚少。

为什么毕业生写的都是英文?原西南交大档案馆馆长张雪永教授告诉记者,1896年,国内刚开始办大学,却苦于没有专业的老师教授、管理学校,因此学校的总教习、教师均为外籍,颁发的毕业证也就理所当然“洋”起来。

华西都市报记者杨晓蓓

责任编辑:丁勇 CN007
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/1007/20160612/22848189.html
Server: cms-9-156
Date: 2026/01/23 20:49:17

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/1007/20160612/22848189.html
Server: cms-9-156
Date: 2026/01/23 20:49:17

Powered by China
China

相关阅读

404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/1007/20160612/22848189.html
Server: cms-9-156
Date: 2026/01/23 20:49:17

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/1007/20160612/22848189.html
Server: cms-9-156
Date: 2026/01/23 20:49:17

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/1007/20160612/22848189.html
Server: cms-9-156
Date: 2026/01/23 20:49:17

Powered by China
China
分享到:
0 0
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/1007/20160612/22848189.html
Server: cms-9-156
Date: 2026/01/23 20:49:17

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/1007/20160612/22848189.html
Server: cms-9-156
Date: 2026/01/23 20:49:17

Powered by China
China

美图推荐

404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/1007/20160612/22848189.html
Server: cms-9-156
Date: 2026/01/23 20:49:17

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/1007/20160612/22848189.html
Server: cms-9-156
Date: 2026/01/23 20:49:17

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/1007/20160612/22848189.html
Server: cms-9-156
Date: 2026/01/23 20:49:17

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/1007/20160612/22848189.html
Server: cms-9-156
Date: 2026/01/23 20:49:17

Powered by China
China

为您推荐

加载更多>>
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/1007/20160612/22848189.html
Server: cms-9-156
Date: 2026/01/23 20:49:17

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/1007/20160612/22848189.html
Server: cms-9-156
Date: 2026/01/23 20:49:17

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/news/1007/20160612/22848189.html
Server: cms-9-156
Date: 2026/01/23 20:49:17

Powered by China
China