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17岁高中女生腰疼 医院检查发现有4个肾

2016-05-31 07:49:34   现代金报

“重复肾畸形”发病率约为1/1500

腰疼的病因查到了,手术也成功做完了,但特殊的身体构造给小琳带来了一连串的疑惑。为什么自己会异于常人长4个肾?多出来的肾到底有没有用?能捐出来救其他人的命吗?带着这样的问题,记者也请教了周鹏。

周鹏说,正常人一般只有两个肾,多出来的在医学上称之为重复肾畸形,而且往往合并重复输尿管畸形,是泌尿系统常见的先天畸形,发病率约为1/1500,“这种病与多囊肾不同,它是由于染色体异常引起,在娘胎里就发生了,和遗传的关系不大,姑娘身体里的其他器官也没有异常。”事后也证实了,小琳家族中,未有人患有这种病。

在周鹏的从医生涯中,这样的病例碰到过4例。“最小的4岁,因为尿路感染入院检查后发现,最后也做了再植手术,保留了肾脏。年纪最大的是个60岁的阿姨,切掉了感染的肾脏。”周鹏说,出现症状的患者,输尿管多是接错了位置,有的女性患者输尿管开口在阴道,有的男性患者输尿管开口在前列腺,排尿不畅导致肾积水感染。

另外,周鹏医生说,即使那些已经发现有重复肾的人,有60%-65%的人只要随访观察即可,如果没有反复尿路感染或是腰痛等症状时,不需要特殊处理。多数重复肾融合为一体,不能分开,所以,这些人虽然比一般人多长了肾,但功能上与两个肾的人没有多大差异。

延伸阅读

问:4个肾会不会意味着功能特别强大?

答:不会。正常人只要一个健康的肾就能工作了,4个肾会相互平衡功能的,不会比别人强大的。

问:多余的肾能割了捐献吗?

答:两个肾其实还是连在一起的,属于“连体肾”,同侧的肾脏取出一个后,另一个患病风险非常大。而肾脏移植时,对肾脏上的静脉动脉长度有一定的要求,畸形肾满足不了,所以移植这种想法不可行。

问:发病率(1/5000)那么高,为什么知道的人那么少?

答:一般要通过肾脏B超才能发现,但普通人会选择尿检,很少有人会去做肾脏B超,而且不患病的时候,4个肾脏并不会让人体有异样的感觉。

责任编辑:孙启浩 cn037
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