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医生揭临终体验:不会感觉饥饿 生出异常欢欣感(图)

2016-04-05 09:28:31   新华网

“听觉是最后消失的感觉,所以,不想让病人听到的话即便在最后也不该随便说出口。”她说。

实际上,医治并不意味着一定要抢救到最后一秒,有时候敬畏和顺从生命也是一种医治。陈淑德认为,死亡是人生旅途最后一站,减轻癌症患者临终阶段无意义的治疗,减轻患者最后的痛苦,帮助病人安详平静地走完人生的最后旅程,是为临终关怀。

经历过父亲离世的子女在网络上发帖说:“现在才知道,对于临终者,最大的仁慈和人道是避免不适当的、创伤性的治疗。不分青红皂白地‘不惜一切代价’抢救,是多么的愚蠢和残忍!”

多位专家介绍,这一阶段,医生的工作应该从“帮助病人恢复健康”转向“减轻痛苦”。除了减除身体痛苦的姑息治疗,心理援助同样重要。

广东省药科大学医学心理学教授黄雪薇介绍,对临终患者专业的心理干预就是豁达治疗。经过她的科研团队十多年在澳大利亚和国内癌症心理的系统研究和临床实践,她认为,临终者不良感受的根源是不豁达。人可以通过一系列心理技术达到豁达的境界。豁达治疗可以浓缩成三句话“我一定行”“没什么大不了的”“真舒服”,鼓励和安抚患者,平和地对待一切。

如何对患者传递坏消息?惠州市口腔医院吕效杰教授说,对于身患绝症的患者,除了帮助排解他内心的苦楚,了解他内心的愿望外,同时应该鼓励患者有战胜病魔的雄心,虽然康复的机会很小,但是也要让患者开朗而有尊严地度过剩余的时光,因此安慰的语言既要切合实际,还应尽可能表示乐观。

“心理支持是善终关怀的重要内容,我们做得还远远不够。心理支持对于临终病人而言和身体照护同样重要,甚至更重要。”吴育雄说,人在临终前,心理上的痛苦要远大于生理上的痛苦,因为他要承受的,是一步步接近死亡的现实。只有通过有效的心理疏导才能让患者不害怕死亡,能平静面对死亡,从根本上解除心理的痛苦。

他说:“生命的终极安顿,不必强调生命的量,反而更多是关照生命的‘质’,安详、满意地达到人生彼岸。死亡的尊严是生命的最后权利。以‘善终’为终极目标行孝道,符合临终者的意愿,才是子女真正的‘孝’。”

政策起步:我国出台的相关规定

业内越来越接受,拥有死亡权才算拥有完整的生命权。临终者可以自主安排最后时日,避免破坏性的延命救治——于是,临终关怀的理念日渐被人所接受和需要。

临终关怀事业日渐进入中国政府的相关政策。原卫生部1992年提出准备将临终关怀作为我国医疗卫生第三产业的重点之一;2006年,国务院批准的《关于加快发展养老服务业的意见》中明确提出今后发展养老服务业的六项重点工作之一是支持发展老年护理、临终关怀服务。尽管如此,临终关怀事业仍处于起步阶段。

“临终关怀是社会文明发展到一定阶段的产物,通常指由医生、护士、心理师、社工和义工等多方人员组成的团队,对无救治希望的临终患者提供特殊的缓和医疗服务,也包括对临终者家属提供身心慰藉和支持。无力回天的病患不必依赖医疗技术和大量财力被动地延续生命,而可以凭借基础治疗缓解身体不适,按照自我意愿度完剩余时光。”广东省护理教育中心主任刘雪琴说。

“医生不再主导治疗模式,而将患者的意愿放到第一位。”西北大学西北历史研究所李海波教授介绍,临终关怀的理念挑战了两大习惯认知:一是西医理念以延续生命为最高目标而忽略生命质量;二是传统孝道将放弃创伤性治疗等同于放弃亲人生命。临终关怀回到死亡是人的自然规律,将临终者从无望的机械性救治中解放出来,赋予其支配生命的自由。

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