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医生揭临终体验:不会感觉饥饿 生出异常欢欣感(图)

2016-04-05 09:28:31   新华网

让小郭想不到的是,父亲越到临终期,越少大医院收治他。2月份,他在一家区医院找到一个呼吸内科床位,父亲住了10多天,医院说医保定额到了,需要出院。“回家3天,父亲粒米未进,躺在床上动不了,手越来越凉却总是微微抽动,一天夜里走了。”

失亲一月,小郭至今在想,如果能在医院里,父亲应该能挨久一点,“起码不用担心他是饿着走的。”

“不用纠结于在家、在养老院,还是在医院里离世,能让患者无憾、无惧、无痛地走完生命最后一程,这才是临终关怀的终极目标。”广东省家庭医生协会常务副会长吴育雄认为,事实上,广东省家庭医生协会走访调查发现,临终期的抢救,患者并不真正需要,很多人不愿意在最后关头陪伴的只有正在抢救的医生、护士和冷冰冰的各种治疗器械,甚至临终想看一眼亲人而不得。当明确进入无治疗意义的临终期,完善的生活护理、心理疏导、疼痛护理等,才是患者最需要的。

“临终关怀的前提,恰恰是接受医学不是万能的。”刘雪琴介绍,美国医生有一个座右铭,“偶尔去治愈,常常去缓解,总是去安慰。”医疗的问题更多的是去安慰,真正能治好的疾病并不是那么多。有些人追求长命百寿,而导致“长寿而不健康”,不考虑生活质量。我们需要有正确的就医观以及对医生的合理期待。

记者日前采访到两个案例印象深刻:一位老人在医院自觉生命临终,想要回家,因子女很“孝顺”,老人被困在医院ICU插管进行有创“抢救”到最后。

而另外一个老人确诊膀胱癌,所有治疗方案无效之后,决定不再进行治愈性治疗,而是采取临终护理等姑息治疗。在弥留之际,他最疼爱的女儿握着他的手,轻声呢喃“爸爸,所有的兄弟姐妹都在这里陪你,你交代的所有事情我们都记住了,爸爸,很好,你会到一个非常安静的地方”,老人无所牵怪,很安详地走了。

广州十方缘老人心灵呵护中心义工万远在陪伴一位癌症老人后感悟:“今天服务的是一个比较容易接受现实的人。即使知道自己所患的是癌症,也不会自怨自艾,而是能够坦然面对。与他互动,让人感觉轻松,不会因为他有这个病而给人造成沉重、伤感的氛围。当一个人能够坦然接受生活的挫折并勇于面对时,无能他处于一个怎样的境地,所传递出来的,都是正能量。”

尊严谢幕:生命的终极安顿

“人常说,一个人离世,会让5个亲人,10个朋友受到这个事件的影响。善终关怀,帮助病人安详平静地走完人生的最后旅程,照顾的不是1个人,而是15个人。”刘雪琴说。

临终究竟是一种什么样的体验?

刘雪琴介绍,临终期一般为3-6个月。在最后濒临死亡时,病人常处于脱水状态,周围循环的血液量锐减,所以病人的皮肤又湿又冷,摸上去凉凉的。不要以为病人是因为冷需要加盖被褥以保温。相反,即使只给他们的手脚加盖一点点重量的被褥,绝大多数临终病人都会觉得太重,觉得无法忍受。此外,濒死的人常常不会感到饥饿。相反,脱水的缺乏营养的状态造成血液内的酮体积聚,从而产生一种止痛药的效应,使病人有一种异常欢欣感。这时即使给病人灌输一点点葡萄糖,都会抵消这种异常的欣快感。在生命的最后阶段,不少病人与别人的交流减少了,不要以为这是拒绝亲人的关爱,这是濒死的人的一种需要:离开外在世界,与心灵对话。

责任编辑:孙启浩 cn037
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