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中国南北方进入流感高发期 全国多地医院儿科爆满

2018-01-07 10:16:21    中国青年网

据北京儿童医院数据,当前流感患儿造成门急诊量直线上升,较11月数据约增长15.8%。中国疾控中心监测数据证实,目前我国南北方都进入了流感高发期,近几周门诊、急诊报告的流感病例高于过去3年同期水平,而且仍然呈持续上升趋势。国家流感中心主任王大燕介绍,当前流感发病率处于快速上升阶段,接近流行曲线的高点。“冬春季节高峰时,一般北方的流感活动更强一些。通过既往的监测数据和经验来看,应该在春节前流感活动会明显下降,可能回归到低水平。春节前应该是高峰已过,呈下降趋势。”

根据全国流感哨点医院监测结果,目前流感病毒的阳性检出率达到40%左右,主要流感病毒为B型。北京儿童医院呼吸科主任徐保平提示,今年的流感病毒对抗病毒药物敏感,奥司他韦等神经氨酸酶抑制剂是流感的有效治疗药物,能显著降低流感重症和死亡的发生率。“如果诊断、或怀疑诊断是流感病毒感染,应该早用口服的奥司他韦。对于早期治疗最有效,我们最主张的是48小时之内给药。有些病人服用了奥司他韦,治疗效果不那么满意,可能是病程比较长,超过48小时以后用药了。”

医院爆满除了因为流感症状显著重于普通感冒、令人恐惧,还有相当一部分人是因为病程漫长、迟迟不见好而紧张就医。徐保平说,流感病程长可能是因为合并其它病毒感染,应当及时诊断、治疗,避免重症发生。“其实混合了其它病毒感染,在小年龄儿童最常见的像呼吸道合胞病毒还有腺病毒,年长儿也会出现腺病毒的感染。再有现在支原体在北方高发,支原体感染可能混在这里头,造成了病程比较长。”

专家建议,如果孩子出现高热等流感症状,建议不要再上幼儿园或上学。托幼机构和学校应加强晨检,早发现早隔离。此外,无论是在家庭内部还是前往医院,与病人接触时都应戴上口罩、做好隔离。中国疾控中心传染病预防控制处副处长李中杰强调,重点人群接种疫苗是预防流感最有效的手段之一。“目前我国已经将多种传染病纳入免疫规划项目,通过对适龄人群进行免疫接种,在人群中建立对特定病原的免疫屏障,这样能够有效减少感染、发病和重症的发生。除此之外,日常生活中保持良好的个人卫生习惯,也是预防呼吸道传染病的重要手段。”

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