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报告文学正面临前所未有的挑战

2017-09-21 07:47:30   中国经济网

报告文学能否在当今的文化传播领域里仍然占有重要的一席之地?就看它是否具有无可替代的价值。从当下看,真正意义上的报告文学,应该是“时代的报告”,它的真实性是小说等虚构类写作无可替代的,是最具时代性的一种文学类文体。它的文学性又是新闻无可替代的。尽管报告文学不具备在第一时间发现新闻的价值,却有新闻报道所缺少的深邃与厚重。实际上,报告文学就是介于新闻和文学之间的跨文体,取两者之长,补两者之短,承担了新闻和别的文学体裁都无法承载的使命,这是报告文学无可替代的文体意义,也是报告文学诞生的原因和存在的合法性。

当下报告文学面临挑战也好,警示也罢,我觉得首先是报告文学写作者的自我挑战,而要为报告文学的尊严而战,报告文学写作者先要有自尊,还要有对这一文体的尊重。当下报告文学最突出的问题,还不是为许多评论家所诟病的文学性缺失问题,而是报告文学恪守真实的立场发生了致命的倾斜,当权势和资本一次次绑架报告文学,一个报告文学写作者很容易出卖自己的灵魂,以至于堕落为某些利益集团或权贵利用的工具,很多“报告文学”一生下来就是一个充满了铜臭味和奴颜媚骨的“死孩子”。正是这样的伪报告文学大面积地侵害了报告文学生态,严重毁掉了报告文学的名声。真正的报告文学作家,必须恪守立场和信念,才能保证调查和写作尽量客观公正。这其实也是我对自己的拷问。

扪心自问,这些年来我一直恪守着几条基本底线:第一,我的写作与任何写作对象都不能发生直接对应的利益关系;第二,在采访过程中必须保证独立调查;第三,在写作过程中我坚拒一切来自外部的干扰,不对任何单位或个人负责,但我必须对自己写下的每一个文字承担责任。

非但是我,一个报告文学写作者,只要坚守住了这三条基本底线,就可以保证自我的尊严,同时也可以维护报告文学这一文体的尊严。

【嘉宾介绍】 陈启文,现任中国作协全委会委员、中国作协报告文学委员会委员,著有长篇小说 《河床》《梦城》,长篇报告文学《共和国粮食报告》《命脉》《大河上下》《袁隆平的世界》等20余部。曾获第五届徐迟报告文学奖等。

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