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新电改实施以来中小独立售电公司遭遇盈利困局——售电行业出路:多元融合发展

2017-09-15 07:11:47   中国经济网

多数公司仍在观望中

相对于广东电力市场的蒸蒸日上,全国大多数区域的售电公司日子并不好过。“在市场没有全部放开的情况下,交易风险太大,很难盈利,不如先观望观望。”河北一家独立售电公司负责人告诉《经济日报》记者,当初十分看好售电市场,一口气注册了2家售电公司,可是一年多过去了,一笔业务也没做。

像这样零业务的售电公司不在少数。据业内人士估计,产生业务的售电公司实际上很可能不足1%。根据《关于推进售电侧改革的实施意见》,售电公司分为三类:包括电网企业的售电公司;社会资本投资增量配电网并拥有配电网运营权的售电公司;不拥有配电网运营权的独立售电公司。目前,大量零业务的售电公司都属于第三类。

朗坤智慧科技股份有限公司董事长武爱斌说,目前市场上有的是发电公司办的售电公司,有的是供电公司办的,其中大部分是独立售电公司。这类公司既没有电源,买不到电,又找不到用电客户,所以在竞争中处于劣势。

虽然售电市场巨大,但是对于广大中小独立售电公司而言,要想吃下这块“蛋糕”难之又难。另一家独立售电公司负责人透露,“由于种种原因,公司尝试了几次交易都没有成功,即使成功的交易,核算下来利润也很低,真是在夹缝中生存”。

即使一些树大根深的售电公司,也没能取得预期的收益。国电电力2017年半年报显示,其成立的国电江苏能源销售有限公司报告期内净利润为负35.9万元;桂东电力旗下广西桂东电力售电有限公司2017年上半年实现营业收入39.25万元,净利润负5.38万元。

在开源证券分析师夏正洲看来,由于售电市场的特殊性,一座城市不可能承载这么多的售电公司,最终很可能一座城市形成3至4家真正有影响力的售电公司。具有国企背景的售电公司,提前布局全国售电市场的综合性能源公司下设的售电公司,有用户资源的售电公司更有可能脱颖而出。

多元化服务打破僵局

“看起来注册售电公司的门槛很低,好像是个没有门槛的生意,几乎所有企业都设想着一种最简单的售电模式——赚取买卖差价,但在激烈的竞争中很难行得通。”武爱斌表示,事实上,电力交易远远要比证券、期货交易繁琐复杂,不光涉及金融层面,更牵涉电力安全校核等物理层面。这也是很多售电公司成立后,迟迟不敢涉及业务的重要原因。

2017年2月份,广东电力市场首次引入偏差电量结算与考核办法。所谓偏差电量,即指实际发用电量与合同电量之间的偏差。从广东省2月份偏差考核来看,正负2%以外的电量,按月竞统一出清价格绝对值的2倍考核。受到偏差考核的用户共计77家,占比81%,直接导致亏损的有18家,最多亏损1452万元。偏差考核已成为竞价结果之后影响售电公司利润的最关键因素。

电力负荷具有复杂性、分散性、随机性等特点,要做好负荷预测绝非易事。在武爱斌看来,售电公司必须要完全打通发电方和购电方,一方面要把发电厂的发电成本实时统计出来,一方面要精准预测用电量,这样才可以帮助调峰,帮助企业更经济稳定地运营。在目前储能技术不成熟的情况下,可以通过优化软件系统调节两端需求。

记者了解到,此前朗坤与中国电力科学研究院联合,研发并推出了智慧购售电一体化平台,已经成功运用到多个售电公司中。该平台可提供购售电竞价、成本计算、售电营销、客户服务、购电管理、配电管理、竞价决策、负荷预测、能效服务、微网管理等全方位信息化解决方案,帮助发配售电公司快速开展业务,及时响应市场需求。

北京领航智库总裁王高峰则认为,未来售电公司定位于用电需求侧的多元化能源服务商,打造智能化用电终端,国家有关文件倡导节能服务公司从事售电业务,售电与用电服务融合发展将是未来售电公司的经营之道。(经济日报·中国经济网记者 王轶辰)

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