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若开邦问题跨越百年 根植缅甸发展才是出路

2017-09-13 17:36:23   新华网

新华社北京9月13日电 (全球热点)若开邦问题跨越百年 根植缅甸发展才是出路

新华社记者

缅甸若开邦局势近来持续紧张,国务资政昂山素季及缅甸政府承受巨大国内外压力。缅甸若开邦问题由何而来?背后矛盾焦点是什么?这场冲突又将如何终结?

  【新闻事实】

8月25日,“若开罗兴亚救世军”对缅甸若开邦北部30处警察哨所发动袭击,政府军随后发起反击。当地原本脆弱的平静再次被打破,族群冲突旧伤尚未愈合,便再次撕裂。

缅甸政府9月5日通报,自8月25日凌晨发生恐怖袭击以来,若开邦发生97起袭击事件,造成数十人丧生,超过2.67万人流离失所。此外,在59个村庄内有6842所房屋被烧毁、8座桥梁被炸。缅甸政府已将在若开邦发动袭击的“若开罗兴亚救世军”认定为极端主义恐怖组织,向若开邦派出军队反恐。

联合国难民署9月8日发表声明说,过去两周,已有约27万缅甸境内的罗兴亚难民(缅方称宾格利人)逃往孟加拉国,致使孟境内避难营地告急。

缅甸总统府12日晚宣布,缅甸政府成立若开邦问题建议执行委员会,负责在当地展开安全行动,解决经济和社会问题,维护当地稳定,为当地民众提供住宿、创造就业机会等。来自国内外的人道主义救援物资将通过执行委员会一视同仁地分发给所有迁移的民众。

  【深度分析】

缅甸若开邦问题的症结主要源自三个方面,一是历史形成和积累的问题,二是缅甸内外认知存在巨大反差,现在又增加了新的复杂因素,即国际恐怖主义与地方极端主义勾结。

缅甸政府和主流人群把若开邦穆斯林群体称为宾格利人,认定他们是英国殖民占领若开邦后迁移至缅甸的孟加拉国人,是非法移民。而若开邦穆斯林群体则自称罗兴亚人,他们与占当地人口多数的若开族人长期不和。

缅甸问题专家张云飞认为,解决若开邦问题的一大难点在于宾格利人难以获得缅甸或其他国家的国籍。宾格利人要求缅甸政府承认其公民身份的诉求与缅甸主流民意相悖,昂山素季领导的民盟政府难以违背民意;而一些国家和国际舆论的指责则令民盟政府两面受压,陷入困境。

  【第一评论】

在错综复杂的背景下,一贯支持昂山素季的西方不断给她施压,有国际媒体一边倒地抨击缅甸政府,其中不乏片面和渲染。

就缅甸民盟政府而言,当前承受着国内外双重压力。若开邦问题已有多年历史,要求刚刚执政不到两年的民盟政府四平八稳地处理好,显然不现实,也有失公允。

若开邦问题归根结底是发展问题,想解决不仅要靠缅甸政府拿出政治勇气、智慧和担当,也需要国际社会务实有效予以协助,为问题的妥善解决创造良好外部条件。

  【背景链接】

英国通过第一次侵略战争于1826年占领缅甸若开邦地区,并在1885年第三次侵缅战争后占领整个缅甸。其间,英国殖民政府从当时属于英属印度的孟加拉国地区迁移大批穆斯林至若开地区,协助殖民统治,挤占当地居民土地和生活资源。

二战时期,英国殖民政府还利用这批移民与当地若开族和缅族对抗,更加深了民族矛盾。(记者:韩梁、胡若愚、葛晨;编辑:闫亮、鲁豫、王丰丰)

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