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我国将全面推广车用乙醇汽油 相关产业迎来爆发

2017-09-13 14:31:26   中国经济网

另一方面,对于生物燃料乙醇生产企业,《方案》要求应积极配合国家粮食市场调控,提升市场竞争力,保质保量供应生物燃料乙醇,高度重视并处置好超标粮食转化产生的危废,确保不产生二次污染。对于成品油批发经营企业,《方案》要求应及时采购生物燃料乙醇,保障车用乙醇汽油市场供应。

此外,今后还将落实考核问责机制。《方案》明确“车用乙醇汽油推广使用实行属地行政首长负责制”和“将车用乙醇汽油推广目标完成情况纳入企业负责人年度经营业绩考核和任期经营业绩考核”。下一步,将按照国务院要求,适时对各省级政府推广车用乙醇汽油监督管理职责和成品油销售企业车用乙醇汽油目标完成情况进行考核。

观察:发展应充分借鉴各国成熟经验

为加快生物燃料乙醇等生物质能产业发展,世界各国大都成立了专门管理机构,负责产业政策制定以及发展管理,如巴西“生物质能委员会”、美国“生物质能管理办公室”等。很多国家还制定了中长期发展规划,如美国“能源农场计划”,法国“生物质发展计划”,印度“绿色能源”工程等。

在此推动下,世界生物燃料乙醇生产消费规模快速增长,从2005年的3628万吨,增加到2016年的7915万吨。据不完全统计,已有超过40个国家和地区推广生物燃料乙醇和车用乙醇汽油,年消费乙醇汽油约6亿吨,占世界汽油总消费的60%左右。

美国是世界最大的生物燃料乙醇生产消费国。据美国可再生燃料协会数据,2016年全美生物燃料乙醇总产量达4554万吨。通过立法,车用乙醇汽油在美国应用已实现全覆盖,有效提高了能源安全水平,减少了机动车有害物质排放,年减排二氧化碳超过4350万吨,增加就业岗位40万个。

国际经验还表明,发展生物燃料乙醇可以为大宗农产品建立长期、稳定、可控的加工转化渠道,提高国家对粮食市场的调控能力。巴西通过甘蔗-糖-乙醇联产,根据国际市场蔗糖价格调节汽油中乙醇掺混比例,同时大力推广乙醇汽车,扩大乙醇消费量,保障了国内甘蔗价格和糖价的稳定,维护了农民利益;美国通过生物燃料乙醇产业需求,持续拉动国内玉米生产、提高农民收入和促进农业科技进步,形成了粮食生产和消费的良性循环发展的局面。这些宝贵经验,都值得我们学习和借鉴。

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