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北大光华教授刘晓蕾评ICO:让融资归融资,技术归技术
2017-09-12 07:52:31 中国经济网
下一步应加强对比特币交易平台的监管
区别于这些主要发行及流通在国内的ICO代币,比特币及以太币等虚拟货币起源于国外,并且在国外交易场所有相当大的交易量。更有日本加拿大等国对比特币采取相当宽松的政策。鉴于比特币等加密货币的去中心化的点对点的交易特性,取缔比特币既不现实,也不可行。但是对比特币等加密货币的交易平台加强监管却是完全可行和必要的。有人担心比特币会被用于洗钱及人民币外逃。事实上根据笔者对几家大的加密货币交易平台运作的了解,目前规范的交易平台均有KYC流程:开设账号实名认证,全部交易保留记录。再加之比特币价格波动极大以及境内外价格存在价差,通过比特币换汇需要承担相当的成本与风险。因此只要所有的交易平台都能够进行规范化操作,应该不构成对于人民币外逃的太大担忧。那么真正的焦点在于,比特币是否在实体经济中有应用价值。目前国家大力推动经济脱虚向实,鼓励实体经济发展。如果比特币在实体经济中没有应用价值,而只有投资炒作价值,那么限制其炒作,将有利于引导资金从比特币的炒作中回流到实体经济中。这也应该是监管部门考虑出台限制比特币的主要原因。无论传言是否为真,加强对比特币交易平台的监管,促进虚拟货币的交易规范化,应该会是监管下一步要走的路。
让真正有技术内涵的区块链项目得以发展
在为这次监管政策及时出台叫好的同时,也要再次强调区块链,与比特币及ICO的本质区别。区块链是一种技术手段,而目前在中国泛滥的ICO,是一种融资手段。禁令不允许通过ICO融资,但是并没有禁止区块链项目融资。实际上一个好的区块链技术应用项目,并不是只能通过ICO融资,完全可以通过传统的VC/PE等融资手段来实现。区块链作为分布式记账的技术手段,解决了去中心化的认证的问题。在诸如产权认证,钻石及艺术品真伪认证等等诸多方面有广阔的应用前景。在没有区块链技术之前,此类认证需要一个中心化的第三方机构,比如法院,仲裁机构,或者银行。因此交易成本高,花费时间长。区块链的技术使得认证的简化成为可能。区块链在金融领域的应用更为广泛。在支付,清算,记账,征信等方方面面,都可以找到应用场景。区块链技术目前还属于发展的初期,但是这一技术逐渐成熟后,在未来将有广阔的前景。从长期看,这次监管部门出台的政策对区块链项目而言,应该是利好的。去除了那些没有实质内容的欺骗性的项目,可以避免劣币驱逐良币。让区块链的生态圈聚焦到创新性的技术革新上,而不是关注在它的隐性金融工具的属性上。让真正有技术内涵的区块链项目有机会发展。笔者相信,这一技术会像互联网曾经改变世界一样,改变未来的经济与社会。中国一定不能错过这次区块链的科技发展大潮。
(作者系北大光华管理学院金融系主任)
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