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逾30家ICO平台开始业务清退

2017-09-12 07:08:20   中国经济网

自9月4日,一行三会等七部委联合下发《关于防范代币发行融资风险的公告》(以下简称“公告”),对各类ICO活动叫停以来,一场风暴席卷整个ICO界。据了解,目前三大交易平台中的中国比特币发布公告称已经停止其平台上的ICO代币EOS的交易,完成虚拟代币下架。目前,已有约50家ICO平台发布了清理整顿的相关公告,30多家平台开始业务清退、提供退币或回购服务。

一位业内人士告诉《经济参考报》记者,目前国内的ICO项目基本都是使用代币系统。代币是一个计算机科学上的概念,它代表一个总账(区块链)上的记账权,通过募集虚拟货币来支持项目发展的一种新的融资方式。而此次监管重点打击对象为ICO发行的“虚拟代币”。虚拟代币不存在独立的区块链,所以需要“寄生”在另外一个区块链系统上,没有自己独立的Github代码库,仅仅存在流通功能,所以几乎没有价值。

该人士表示,与“虚拟代币”相对的是“数字货币”,其拥有自己独立的能自持维护的区块链,有自己的代码库。数字货币有“挖矿机制”,有矿机、矿池,有独立的钱包、独立的核心算法,开发成本极高,有实力开发的技术人员和公司都屈指可数。

通俗来讲,虚拟代币本身是“借鸡下蛋”的行为,其本身不具备区块链,单纯“寄生”在其他货币的区块链上,利用智能合约进行登记即可,由于实现这一过程十分便捷,也给非法集资、传销等不法行为提供了便利,形成了传销币和“空气币”。

记者调查后发现,在没有明确监管的背景下,ICO造假产业链十分完整,被全皮包装的ICO项目的关键要素包括:项目发行人—掮客—站台的意见领袖—提供代码的码农—ICO平台。

前中后端,一条完整的流水线,在集体收割信息高度不对称的散户投资者,在流水线上,散户投资者叫“韭菜”。

在前端,掮客负责花几万买“代码”,包装项目,并拿走5%的币;中端,他们找站台者和推手,每个人可分1%的币;上线后,庄家登场,将价格推到高点后,迅速出货套现,美其名曰“市值管理”。

上述业内人士表示,其实很多跟风的投资人并不关心项目靠不靠谱,只关心能不能搭上庄家快车,拉高币价。一个ICO项目只需要极低的成本启动,就开始圈钱,掮客、推手、庄家一同携手,分食“韭菜大餐”。

中国人民银行参事盛松成表示:“ICO的迅速发展引起了监管层的关注是很正常的。用传统法律看,ICO具有众筹、募集资本的嫌疑,放任发展不予以监管是有很大风险的。大量的没有前途的项目甚至本身就是欺骗,不仅让投资者承担巨大风险,也让真正区块链创业的团队颇多抱怨,实际上造成了劣币驱逐良币的不良后果。”

一位区块链从业者告诉记者,“目前来看,国内ICO项目伴随着诸多‘空气币’骗局,国外市场,比如澳大利亚、韩国等,其ICO项目大多比较成熟。澳大利亚刚完成首个数字货币项目Hcash,其主链和应用已落地;韩国则刚开始第一个数字货币项目ENT。比如比特币BTC和以太坊ETH是基于工作量证明机制POW,比特股是基于权益量证明机制POS,而达世币Dash和超级现金HSR是基于混合量证明机制POH。”

新湃资本创始合伙人王鑫认为:“国内ICO设计很多都穿上了股权融资的外衣,这样的设计就有非法发行证券的嫌疑。此前VC/PE投资时,对项目质地要求是非常严格的,伴随的风险也很大,普通投资者也看不透。”

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