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上半年上市银行盈利明显提升 业绩平稳增长收入结构优化

2017-09-08 07:22:32   中国经济网

以上半年盈利增速同比高达23.26%的贵阳银行为例,其半年报显示,报告期内,公司持续加强对地方经济、实体经济的支持力度,推进大公司、大零售、大同业和大投行四大板块的协同发展,不断完善业务治理体系,实现了较好的经营业绩。

净息差企稳回升

从收入结构来看,银行盈利大幅改善的主要原因是净息差明显回升。平安证券分析师励雅敏表示,25家上市银行上半年实现净利息收入同比增速为0.9%,今年一季度则为-2.4%,这是过去6个季度以来银行净利息收入同比首次回归正增长,其中国有大行的净利息收入增长较为突出。

数据显示,上半年末,国有大行的净利息收入同比增速达到4.7%,较今年一季度提升了近3个百分点。以中国银行为例,上半年,该集团实现利息净收入1650.42亿元,同比增加101.84亿元,增长6.58%。

中国银行董事长陈四清表示,今年以来,受市场利率上升、美元加息、资产负债结构优化和成本控制等因素影响,中国银行净息差企稳回升,逐季得到改善。

励雅敏也表示,今年二季度国有大行息差企稳回升主要得益于两方面因素,一是资产端收益率受整体利率中枢上移以及今年偏紧的流动性环境影响,定价步入上行通道;二是负债端成本依然上升,但随着市场资金的企稳和小幅下行,整体幅度较一季度明显改善。

相比于国有大行,股份制银行和城商行的息差收入则改善并不明显。数据显示,上市股份制银行与城商行虽然延续了今年一季度的负增长,但幅度并未再度扩大。上半年,上市股份制银行与城商行的净利息收入分别同比下滑7.0%和4.0%,今年一季度则分别下滑7.8%和3.4%,负债端同业负债成本快速上行的冲击有所消退。

励雅敏认为,银行资产端收益率的上行仍将延续,负债端结构调整压力对于部分中小银行依然存在,但冲击幅度好于上半年。

中间收入业绩分化

上半年,在全行业营收增速放缓、净利润保持平稳增长之际,不同银行的手续费及佣金净收入同比增速差异较大。少数中间收入基数较低的中小银行维持着较快增速,多数银行仅实现同比微幅正增长甚或同比下降。

比如,中国银行上半年实现非利息收入831.94亿元,同比减少238.43亿元,下降22.28%。其中,手续费及佣金净收入491.87亿元,小幅增长2.84%;其他非利息收入340.07亿元,大幅下降42.57%。农业银行半年报显示,上半年该行实现手续费及佣金净收入424.65亿元,同比减少86.43亿元,下降16.9%,主要是由于代理业务手续费以及结算与清算手续费收入减少。

国泰君安分析师邱冠华表示,上市银行的代理类、顾问咨询类、理财类业务中收同比降幅较明显。尤其是代理类业务,上市银行这块收入普遍同比下滑,主要因为今年上半年资本市场、保险业务开展方面的环境发生较大变化。在理财业务方面,主要因为金融去杠杆推进收缩了同业理财规模,导致表外理财总规模出现阶段性下滑。

不过,也有部分银行发力其他相关业务,非利息收入同比实现增长。光大银行上半年实现手续费及佣金净收入159.92亿元,同比增长20.94亿元,增幅15.07%;手续费及佣金净收入在营业收入中占比34.52%,同比上升4.93个百分点。该行表示,信用卡业务表现突出,中收同比增长47.61%;投资银行、贸易金融业务收入也实现较快增长。

此外,平安银行通过移动化、互联网化手段,加速零售转型,提升营销与盈利能力。上半年,零售营业收入与利润高速增长,存贷款增速领先同业。其中,信用卡、消费金融、汽车金融三大业务尖兵作用凸显,综拓渠道贡献持续提升。上半年,该行零售业务营业收入占比达到40%、利润总额占比达64%。(经济日报·中国经济网记者 何 川)

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