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应对臭氧污染 我们可以更主动

2017-09-06 22:05:39   中国经济网

根据发达国家的历史经验,臭氧浓度容易随挥发性有机污染物(VOCs)和氮氧化物(NOx)排放比例变化、气象条件等因素出现波动,波动周期可长达数年。

“同发达国家一样,我国今年臭氧浓度总体上升也属于正常的年际波动。”刘炳江以北京市为例分析,北京市臭氧日最大8小时平均浓度第90百分位数在2015年前连续4年上涨,之后2016年和2017年又连续两年下降,总体稳定。

刘炳江同时指出,我国多数城市臭氧浓度总体在缓慢上升,70%左右的城市在标准线附近徘徊需高度重视。

臭氧污染导致光化学烟雾事件的可能性多大

伴随多地臭氧浓度升高,我国会不会发生光化学烟雾事件成为社会公众关心的问题。对此,刘炳江回应说,“正在加强臭氧监控、采取治理措施,今后我国可能出现臭氧浓度波动,但是在正常气象条件下,现在不会发生光化学烟雾事件,将来发生的可能性也极小。”

当前,我国重点区域臭氧污染水平与美国加州南海岸地区大致相当,全国平均污染水平大致相当于美国十多年前的全国平均水平,均远远低于发达国家光化学烟雾事件频发时期的历史水平。

相关研究显示,1950-1970年代发达国家重点地区夏秋季节臭氧日最高浓度常超过600微克/立方米,发生光化学烟雾事件的时段臭氧浓度可达1200微克/立方米以上,最高值甚至超过2000微克/立方米。

据介绍,我国所采取的抑制臭氧浓度上升的核心措施,是减少臭氧前体污染物氮氧化物(NOx)和挥发性有机污染物(VOCs)的排放量。自“十二五”以来,我国一直把氮氧化物(NOx)减排列入约束性指标,其排放量下降了近20%;“十三五”规划又提出了减少10%的VOCs排放量要求。

目前,北京、上海、广东等重点地区采取了一系列挥发性有机污染物(VOCs)控制措施并取得积极进展,诸如,北京2015年、2016年大气中的挥发性有机污染物(VOCs)浓度较2014年分别下降7%、9%。

记者了解到,环保部制订的“十三五”挥发性有机污染物(VOCs)污染防治工作方案,进一步明确了重点地区和重点行业挥发性有机污染物(VOCs)控制任务,即将联合相关部委印发实施;一系列控制挥发性有机污染物(VOCs)排放的国家环保标准和产品质量标准也正在抓紧制修订,其中石油炼制等14项重点行业排放标准已经出台。

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