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冷冻人:复活还只是梦想

2017-08-27 06:20:48   中国经济网

刘静的同事、中科院理化技术研究所研究员饶伟做过金鱼的冷冻复苏实验。

饶伟曾把一条活蹦乱跳的金鱼浸没在零下196℃的液氮里,很快它就“凝固”了。如果在一分钟之内把这条冻住的金鱼放进温水里,冰融化后,金鱼又能活过来游动。但如果时间长过几分钟,金鱼就再也不能复苏了。

研究发现,这不是真正的冻存。在液氮造成的低温环境中,金鱼体表的水瞬间结冰,但金鱼内部的心脏等要害器官并未结冰。所以短时间内,金鱼可以复苏。但如果冰冻时间略长,要害器官也结冰了,金鱼就真冻死了。

黑背蚂蚁是远比人类低等和微小的生物,冻存温度又远比液氮温度高,冻存时间仅两天,复活率还是“百里挑一”。

金鱼也是远比人类低等的生物,然而其在液氮中的冷冻复苏仅能维持“分钟级”,并非真正的“冻结”,距离人类需要的“凝固时光”技能点也相差太远!

可以想见,以目前的技术水平,人体放在液氮里再复活几乎不可能成功。

仿生,向自然学习

专家表示,效法自然,发展仿生型低温保存技术,将成为今后突破传统技术瓶颈最有前景的方向之一

当遇到人力难以解决的科学问题时,科学家们往往会请教大自然这个最伟大的老师。冷冻复苏的课题也是如此。

刘静表示,虽然现有的低温技术对于复杂组织、器官乃至生命个体的长期冻存仍无能为力,但借鉴冬眠动物天然的耐寒机理,人类也有望建立起崭新的生物材料低温冻存技术,科学家曾就此发表文章探讨过此方面的可能途径。“效法自然,发展仿生型低温保存技术,将成为今后突破传统技术瓶颈最有前景的方向之一。”

地球上的温带和寒带动物,每年都要经受冬季低温天气的威胁。按照体内是否形成冰晶,动物的耐寒机制可以分为耐受结冰性和非耐受结冰性两类。前者在低温下体内虽然形成冰晶,但能忍受并在低温下生存;后者则是体内并无冰晶形成,只是保持一定的过冷度,并由此避免低温损伤。

国外曾有科学家使用低温电子显微镜直接观察生物体结冰后的状态,还引入磁共振成像实现了动态实时观察动物体内结冰过程。他们发现,耐受结冰的蛙类,自身会产生大量抗冻剂,大量聚集在肝脏、大脑等重要部位,使这些部位延迟结冰;肝脏和大脑在冷冻过程中还会由于脱水引起体积减小现象;它的冷冻过程也与融化过程截然不同,结冰过程是从外部开始向内部推进,逐渐结冰固化,而融化过程则相对快速而均一,整个生物体几乎同时开始融化,避免了从外到内的融化模式所带来的局部缺氧坏死问题。

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