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专家争议“冷冻人”法律身份:类似植物人或被认定为死亡
央广网北京8月27日消息(记者车丽)据中国之声《央广新闻》报道,今年5月8日,山东济南的展女士在病床上停止了心跳和呼吸,医生宣布其临床死亡。几分钟后,山东银丰生命科学研究院的工作人员对展女士实施了人体冷冻,这也是我国首例人体冷冻实施案例。然而目前“冷冻人”的法律身份受专家争议。
为抓紧时间保持人体组织器官的活性,避免细胞凋亡,人体冷冻相关的灌流及降温手术必须在展女士被宣告“临床死亡”(即呼吸和心跳停止)后进行,此时她的器官仍在进行代谢活动,大脑活动也还在进行。那么被冷冻的展女士在法律上到底是活着还是已经死亡?被冷冻的究竟是病体还是遗体?这个问题的答案将直接关系到她的丈夫能否再婚,她能否参与家庭财产分配等问题。
西南政法大学民商法学院教授曹兴权表示人体低温保存究竟是属于医疗方案范畴还是定性为死亡后的遗体处置范畴,目前存在争议。江西财经大学法学院副院长周维德认为,在这种低温保存状态下,被保存个体类似于无民事行为能力的植物人,其法律上的权利义务关系可以参照现有的监护制度解决。
据了解,我国医学和法律目前以呼吸、心跳停止为判定死亡的标准,脑死亡还没有引入临床或司法实践。因此按照现行法律标准来看,展女士应该被认定为死亡。广州医科大学卫生管理学院法学系副教授龚波认为,这起中国首例人体冷冻案 ,只是一个关于遗体捐献用于医学研究的案例。
北京市康达律师事务所律师韩骁提出了一种新模式,即冷冻人已经死亡,所有法律关系终结,复活后的人可视为一个新生个体,重新开始构建所有的法律关系。“人体冷冻技术会涉及到生命伦理、违背生命循环的自然规律等问题。但作为人类对生命追求的新技术来说,现在的医学技术还达不到起死回生的程度,因此不用过于紧张和担心,我们不能扼杀一项新生技术的发展。”尽早制定国家级的《遗体捐献条例》,以弥补此方面的法律空白。
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