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专家争议“冷冻人”法律身份:类似植物人

2017-08-26 11:30:49   中国青年网

对此,曹兴权认为:“近亲属在患者失去意识后享有医疗方案同意权。在患者失去意识之时,若患者未对死后之事进行特别安排,近亲属有权签订遗体捐献协议。”龚波也指出,病人配偶、父母、成年子女可以在此种情形下以书面形式共同表示同意捐献,并代办捐献登记手续。

韩骁对此持有不同意见,他表示:“遗体捐献需要本人和近亲属的双重知情同意。即使本人同意,在去世后本人的近亲属反悔的,该遗体也不能捐献,如果捐献遗体只是近亲属单独的意思表示,医疗机构一般不会接受。”

上海社会科学院法学所研究员刘长秋表示:“医疗机构应依据遗体捐献协议来处理遗体,将遗体进行低温冷冻也属于医学科研,除非协议中明确约定不得低温冷藏,否则此举是合法的。”同时他也指出,如果医疗机构在死者家属不知情的情况下,将遗体用于可能有损死者尊严或家属利益的用途,如制作人体标本用于商业展览等行为是不合法的。

遗体研究是否必须经医学伦理委员会同意?

2007年5月1日起施行的国务院《人体器官移植条例》规定,人体器官移植需向医学伦理委员会提交申请,取得同意才可实施。那么,对遗体进行某种研究是否需要该组织的审核?

医学伦理委员会是由医学专业人员、法律专家及非医务人员组成的独立组织,其职责为核查临床试验方案是否合乎道德,确保受试者的安全、健康和权益不受侵害。2016年12月1日,国家卫生和计划生育委员会发布新版《涉及人的生物医学研究伦理审查办法》(下称《办法》),其中第7条明确规定医疗卫生机构未设立伦理委员会的,不得开展涉及人的生物医学研究工作。

韩骁认为,《办法》所涉及的人指的是广义的人,冷冻实验目的在于多年后复活,而不仅仅是冷冻本身。“这种手术已涉及到生与死,必须经过伦理委员会的审核批准。如果未经批准而擅自开展,可能会被责令终止。”

但龚波却表达了另一种观点:《办法》中的人应当是指自然人,不包括胎儿和遗体。人体冷冻技术是一项医学科技发展的新技术,本着“法无禁止即为自由”的原则,是不违法的。

事实上,全国首例“人体冷冻案”给法律提出的难题不止于此,“死而复生”已经超越了现有的法律框架。刘长秋表示,如果有一天冷冻技术成熟之后,真的实现“死而复生”,那么人类的伦理与法律制度都将发生重大改变。

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