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陆铭:“大城市病”症结在供给侧 而非人多

2017-08-25 09:36:50   中国经济网

对于城市病的治理还是要通过供给侧改革。要改变生产生活方式,经济发展里服务业比重的提高会使碳排放下降,轨道交通出行比例的上升会使得交通拥堵得以治理。这就是为什么西方发达国家的大城市,在二战以来人口翻番,甚至三倍增长,并没有带来更严重的城市病。所以城市病的本质是供应和需求矛盾的问题,调整供应的数量、质量、结构和空间布局,来适应需求端的增长,是可以治理城市病的。

陆铭认为的超大城市为带动的都市圈和城市群的发展战略,总结为以下几点:

第一,在核心大城市制定蔓延半径在五十公里左右的都市圈发展战略,以大体量和快速度的轨道交通形成城市网络。

第二,要以人口城乡间更为自由的流动来对冲人口红利总量下降的负面影响,让人从农村往城市流动,城市劳动力供应便可以持续上涨或至少是上涨一段时间。

第三,土地供应与人口流动方向相一致,住房供应与人口流动带来的住房需求相一致。

第四,人口城市化和向大城市集中的过程,将释放巨大的需求,有利于中国经济启动消费,调整经济结构。

第五,在人口城市化的过程当中,可以极大地改善下一代的教育水平和质量,有利于人力资本积累。因为人力资源的投资将是下一阶段中国经济增长非常重要的动力。孩子在城市接受教育,不仅因为在城市里有规模经济,教育质量比较好,更重要的是这些孩子可以跟父母待在一起,适应未来城市里的生活方式,这是学校学不到的。

第六,在人口持续流入的大城市,特别是中心城区,通过供给侧增加公共服务和基础设施的供给,包括最近讲到的租赁房的增加,来缓解住房短缺问题。

市场和政府的作用应该是互补的。对于城市的管理应该更多针对人的行为,而不应该针对特定的身份,比如像开车的限制,廉租房外地人不能享用,外地人孩子不能上学等。这种针对身份的管理是与社会主义核心价值观不符合的。

最后是公共服务均等化,在中国未来的都市圈和大城市群的发展过程中,一定会出现全世界发展的趋势,低收入阶层和高收入阶层共同集中在特大城市,这个时候特大城市收入差距会大,所以要通过公共服务均等化缩小人们之间的实际福利差距。目前的做法就是把公共服务作为跟户籍挂钩的东西,而所谓吸引人才的战略里,再把教育作为积分制和户籍获取的门槛,这样做实际把公共服务获取权力更多给了富人和受过高等教育的人,是扩大了人们之间的差别,而不是在缩小。这样的做法违背了全世界公共服务提供的基本原则,也不利于中国城市未来的和谐发展。

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