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美国机器人“无处不在” 且越来越聪明

2017-08-23 07:30:35   中国经济网

这并不是说机器人决定了美国2016年的总统大选结果,但机器人在“红色州”的高普及率从某种程度上造成了部分工人的工作被剥夺。在没有其他一技之长的情况下,这些传统的蓝领工人很难再找到工作,生存状况堪忧。所以当特朗普在这些“红色州”竞选拉票,提出让制造业回归美国、提高白人中产阶级就业的口号时,一下子就能抓住这部分选民的心。从这一角度来看,机器人确实在客观上帮助了特朗普坐上总统宝座。

越来越聪明

随着近年来人工智能的飞速发展,机器人给各行业带来的创新和对人类生活方式的改变不容小觑。

技术的进步和造价的降低让业界对机器人的研发不断升级,机器人正“越来越聪明”。通过对数据和人工智能的运用,现在的机器人不仅仅是“干完活收工”,还能通过传感器记录数据,然后实时上传到云端进行分析。这对电子商务行业具有很大价值,最大程度实现自动化的电商企业往往能占据优势。以仓储为例,过去的机器人无非是一个装有轮子的平台,去完成模式单一的传送货物的工作。如今随着物流速度的加快,业界开始思考让机器人承担更多工作,特别是需要花费大量时间的货物分拣工作。考虑到传感、动作、操纵等各个环节,让机器人完成这一任务并不容易。

来自匹兹堡的IAMRobotics公司就是致力于攻克这一难题并推广到商业应用的公司之一。该公司在2016年研制出了能从事分拣工作、被命名为Swift的机器人。Swift具有一个能有效负载15磅重、最多伸展18英寸长的手臂,而手臂的最前段是一个带有吸力的小“吸盘”。Swift的高度可以调节,能运用于高度在3英寸到85英寸之间的货柜。它能够在仓库里通过自动导航移动“行走”,并且与人工分拣货物的速度相当,甚至更快。研发人员介绍,Swift是通过先进的计算机视觉技术认出自己想要取的东西,再迅速抓取,可以取代人类从事分拣工作,省去高额的人工费用。除了IAMRobotics公司,在美国,还有很多类似的公司在开发“机器人拣货员”。

机器人也在悄悄改变美国的保安行业。据报道,美国Gamma2Robotics公司近年致力于研究新型的、名为RAMSEE的“保安机器人”。RAMSEE可以实现自动巡逻,并且就入侵者做出的动作和外界环境中出现的热、火、烟、气体等状况迅速反应。比如当其受到外力的推动时,它会发出声音等“提醒”。相比人类,RAMSEE的侦察能力或许更强。比如,当它在工作场所巡视一圈后,通过对比分析数据前后发生的变化,哪怕是细微的变化,就会向后台发出信号,提醒控制中心的人可能有入侵者。RAMSEE对业界的改变将是革命性的,因为这样的保安可以24小时不知疲倦地工作,也不会对危险的工作场所“挑三拣四”。专业人士称,机器人可以与录像监控系统、门禁系统、建筑物自动化系统和指挥控制系统等结合使用,大大提高工厂、仓库甚至军事设施的安防能力,有效节约人力成本。

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