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西藏波密3.1地震揭秘 为何青藏高原周边多地震?

2017-08-22 08:40:43   北晚新视觉网

正如罗马不是一天建成的,这些山脉也不是一下子就升这么高的。这许许多多海拔数千米的高山都是一次次地震造成的,像汶川地震那么大的一次地震才能把地壳抬高六七米,一座4000米的高峰必定经历过大大小小数不清的地震。每一次地震都意味着高原的发展又前进了一步。

正面青藏高原的阿尔金山和河西走廊,恰位于高原的脚下,历史上亦饱受地震之苦。比如在河西走廊,1932年酒泉昌马发生7.6级地震,约7万人遇难;1927年武威古浪县发生8级大地震,死亡4万多人。

进入甘肃的东部和宁夏、陕西地区,以及云南、中南半岛,虽然离青藏高原已经有了比较远的距离,但依然没有逃出它的“势力范围”。由于四川盆地的阻挡,青藏高原外流的物质从它两侧分叉前进,给这些地区带来了巨大的灾害。比如在陕甘宁三省,历史上发生过多次强震:1739年平罗发生8级地震,死亡约5万余人;1556年在西安东部的华县发生8级地震,据震后统计,死亡约83万人,并重创西安,小雁塔的塔顶被震落,这可能是人类历史上死亡人数最多的一次地震。而在云南,地震同样频繁,比如在1988年云南南部的澜沧-耿马地区连续发生7.6、7.2级两次地震,伤亡惨重。在1996年,丽江发生7级地震,丽江古城遭受重创。

而且,来自印度板块的影响不仅限于高原及其周边,它还有隔山打牛的功夫。新疆天山,原本是一条古老的造山带,活动性已经比较微弱了,照理说青藏高原并不应该影响到它。但是,天山南部的塔里木板块实在是太过坚硬,来自高原的力量就传到了较为软弱的天山身上,使得原本已经比较稳定的天山发生了活化,天山地区发育了大量的断裂构造,地震频发,山脉再次隆盛,这被称作高原的远程效应。8月9日,发生在新疆博尔塔拉州精河县的6.6级地震就是天山构造活跃的证据。而在20世纪的上半叶,新疆也多次发生破坏性强震,比如1902年的喀什阿图什城8级大地震,1906年的玛纳斯县7.7级大地震等。

可以说,青藏高原是整个中国中、西部地质运动的发动机,来自印度板块的力量源源不断地输送到高原,再由高原传递到中国内部,带来了一次又一次惨痛的地震灾害。在将来,地震仍会像现在这样不期而至,我们要做的,就是时刻做好准备,降低地震带来的损失。

九寨沟地震和汶川地震有关吗?

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