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南京南站猥亵女童案之问:真能“不告不理”?女孩如何安置?

2017-08-16 09:01:56   中国青年网

“受害儿童和嫌疑人之间是否是亲兄妹也并不影响本案的性质,检察机关理所当然要保护受害女童的合法权益。” 许浩说。

“收养”关系待调查,非法收养并不构成刑事犯罪

目前警方公布信息显示,受害女童系段某某父母的养女,双方涉及“收养”关系。收养关系是父母子女的关系,除了基于血缘关系,可以基于法律行为即收养而发生的关系。

根据《收养法》第六条规定,收养人应当同时具备下列条件:无子女;有抚养教育被收养人的能力;未患有在医学上认为不应当收养子女的疾病;年满三十周岁。也就是说,收养人应该同时具备上述四项条件才可拥有收养资格。

许浩分析说,根据相关新闻报道来看,本案中,被侵犯女童的养父母有亲生儿子,比女童年长,“这显然不符合收养法中对收养人条件的要求。”

不过,《收养法》第7、8条还规定了两种例外情况,可以不受收养人无子女条件的限制:一,华侨收养三代以内同辈旁系血亲的子女,还可以不受收养人无子女的限制;二,收养孤儿、残疾儿童或者社会福利机构抚养的查找不到生父母的弃婴和儿童,可以不受收养人无子女和收养一名的限制。

“目前还无法确定,此案中女童的养父母是否符合上述法律规定。”许浩同时表示,2015年7月,最高人民法院在《关于贯彻执行民事政策法律若干问题的意见》第4部分“收养问题”的规定中明确:“亲友、群众公认,或有关组织证明确以养父母与养子女关系长期共同生活的,虽未办理合法手续,也应按收养关系对待。”

“这是事实收养,是指双方当事人符合法律规定的条件,未办收养公证或登记手续,便公开以养父母养子女关系长期共同生活的行为。”许浩认为,目前也无法确定,女童与段某某父母是否构成了事实收养关系。

上述问题仍有待警方继续查实。在许浩看来,如果嫌疑人父母不符合上述例外情况,或将因此涉嫌非法收养。

“不符合法定条件的收养,属于非法收养,但非法收养不构成刑事犯罪。 ”许浩表示,收养问题只是一个民事法律问题,一般不得适用国家公权力的制裁措施(如行政处罚)来调整,“《收养法》只规定了遗弃和出卖儿童的处罚措施,而未规定不合法收养的处罚措施。”

武汉大学政治与公共管理学院副教授尚重生说,实际生活中有很多“不规范收养”的现象,特别是在农村地区,程序不完整、手续不齐全的情况下就将孩子收养回家。

尚重生建议,针对“不规范”的收养现象,可以建立起群众监督举报机制。国家应当加大投入,也鼓励社会福利机构、组织等参与进来,完善人员、机构设置,形成管理合力。

针对此次事件,尚重生说,监护人不履行监护职责或者侵害被监护人合法权益的,应当承担法律责任。严重侵害被监护人权益的,还可以撤销其监护资格。对于事件中的女童,当地民政部门应当及时介入,选择恰当的方式对其进行心理疏导,有需要的话要为其选择合适的新收养家庭,帮助其回到正常生活环境中。

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