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怎样才能让你的电子合同真的有效?

2017-08-15 17:44:06   中国经济网

其次,公证难以解决的是“实时存证”问题,基本上就是对公证员看到的现状进行公证,但我们前面也说了,电子证据是很注重“源头实时存证”的,这一点差别有时候会导致千差万别的结果,毕竟电子合同在做公证之前是什么样无法证明。

2、 时间戳证明

时间戳的原理很简单,就是以时间为轴,在什么时间做了什么事或者生成了什么存在什么,就敲个章上去,我们无法返回到过去的时间点,所以这样的证明是不可以抵赖的。当然,这里有个前提,就是时间必须要“准”。现在,提供这个时间的一般都是授时中心,用时间戳来做证明在知识产权、原创证明等应用领域来讲已经被验证了是很有效的。

不过,要把时间戳证明应用在电子合同上的话,只能说问题解决了一半,还有一半是身份认证的问题,要如何证明签约确实是债权人在当时的所为呢?所以,一般来讲,时间戳不太好单独使用进行证明,要搭配身份认证技术来用。

3、 电子签名(身份认证)+实名认证

一旦说到电子签名、身份认证、电子签章这些,很多人就搞不清楚,有时候会模糊地等同或者偷换他们的概念。在这里,我们不打算过分具体地扣这些字眼,我们用一个简单的例子来说明他们的作用和之间的关系。

A和B要签署一份电子合同,根据《电子签名法》来说,有几件事是非常重要的:

(1)A和B都是真实的人,有承担能力的自然人,不是动物或者别的什么东西在网上签合同。

(2)确实是A和B进行了签约,不是那种A和C、C和B、C和D什么的关系进行的签约。

(3)A和B都认可合同的意思,达成一致进行了签署。

然后我们把上述一大串名词加进来,就是这样:

(1)实名认证(方式有公安部人口信息库、银联四要素认证、eid、活体检测等等)用来证明A和B都是真实的人,有能力签署合同的自然人,而不是什么别的什么人在签合同。

(2)电子签名,主要解决的就是身份认证问题,现在大部分都是用数字证书来做(CA认证是比较通用的一种),是用来证明是A和B进行了签约,包含完整的签约过程的前后都是A和B,但是A和B是不是正确的签约人,这个证明不了。

另外,数字证书不是“肉眼可见的”,用Adobe Reader能看到,一般在签署电子合同的时候连同电子签章(看得见的签名)一起直接加进合同里。

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